Bacteriological profile, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infection among students of Mekelle University, northern Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundBacterial infection of the urinary tract is among the common reasons for seeking medical attention in the community. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment options. Therefore, knowledge of the current uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is important for better treatment of urinary tract infection.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to September thirty, 2017 among students who came to Mekelle University student’s clinics with symptomatic urinary tract infection during the study period.. Mid-stream urine specimens were collected from 341individuals with suspected urinary tract infection for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire.ResultsAmong the 341 study participants, 72(21.1%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (48.6%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (23%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5%), and Klebsiella spp. (8.1%) were common bacterial isolates. Resistance to ampicillin (81–100%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77–93.6%), co- trimoxazole (55 72.3%), nalidixic acid (57.4%) and tetracycline (46–55.5%) was seen by most isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% of the bacterial isolates, and 25.5% of the Gram-negative isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Being female, a history of urinary tract infection, a history of catheterization and frequent sexual activity were found to be statistically associated with urinary tract infection.ConclusionUrinary tract infection is a problem among university students with a prevalence of 21.1%. All isolates have developed resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infection are recommended for the students.

Antibiotic suceptibility of<i> Escherichia coli</i> isolated in cases of urinary tract infection in Nsukka, Nigeria

“…The increasing frequency of prostate disease and diabetes mellitus in males are responsible for the increase in the the incidence of UTI in elderly patients. This report is similar to some studies [31,16] in chich a prevalence of 23.3% was reported in females aged 26-30 years, and in disagreement with another study that showed that female patients within the age range 37-47 years had the highest prevalence rate of 46.2%, followed by 26-36 years (31.1%), 15-25 years (18.2%) and above 48 years of age, showed the lowest prevalence of 4.5%, while among the male patients, 37-47 years showed the highest prevalence rate of 51.3%, followed by 26-36 years (29.5%), 15-25 years (14.1%), and above 48 years of age showed the lowest (5.1%) [25]. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between age and gender at 5% (P < 0.05).…”

“…The study also showed a higher incidence of urinary tract infection in females than males. The results obtained are similar to those in other studies reported in Nigeria [27,16,28] and in Yemen [29]. The high prevalence of infection in females is usually related to anatomical and pathogenic factors, such as the short length of the urethra, hence a shorter distance for bacteria ascending up the tract, hormonal changes affecting the adherence of bacteria to the mucosa, and urethra trauma during sexual intercourse.…”

“…The purpose of the presented study was to describe the susceptibility profiles and patient demographics of E. coli isolates recovered from UTI from all six local government areas in Nsukka geopolitical zone in southeastern Nigeria. The overall prevalence rate of UTI obtained in the study (18.8%) is similar to the findings in other studies [17,18,19,20,16] which reported similar prevalence rates of 23.32%, 20%, 25%, 22% and 21.1%, respectively, and these appeared to be high when compared to those obtained elsewhere. For instance, a study in southeast Nigeria [21] reported a prevalence of 13.9%, another in Benin City, Nigeria, reported a prevalence of 11% [22]; although an 8.25% prevalence was also reported in Benin City [23].…”

“…The E. coli isolates recovered in the presented study showed high sensitivity to flouroquinolones, as was observed in another study [16]. E. coli isolates recovered in the current study were 94% sensitive to nitrofurantoin, 78% to ofloxacin and 70% to ciprofloxacin.…”

“…Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, especially in hospital settings. UTI is usually high among young females at reproductive age [15,16]. E. coli was found to be the most common cause of UTI in all age groups.…”