Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Borehole Water in Ogbaru Communities, Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

Ogbaru Communities are usually submerged by intense flood during the rainy season, but such flood recedes during the dry season. This natural occurrence makes the quality of the borehole water in the area questionable. The total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts of samples from fifteen boreholes in the communities were determined during both seasons using standard analytical methods. The values were 100-270 cfu/100ml;10-42cfu/100ml;0-28 cfu/100ml and 0-13cfu/100ml for total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts respectively during the dry season and 130-450 cfu/100ml; 25-86 cfu/100ml; 0-75 cfu/100ml and 0-18 cfu/100ml for the total bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts respectively during the rainy season. Salmonella typhi (53.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (53.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.7%), Proteus vulgaris (46.7%), klebsiella variicola (26.7%), Escherichia coli (26.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) and Vibrio cholerae (33.3%) were isolated during the dry season while S. typhi (60.0%), E. aerogenes (60.0%), P. aeruginosa (53.3%), P. vulgaris (46.7%). K. variicola (33.3%), E. coli (26.7%), S. aureus (13.3%), V. cholerae (46.7%) and Providencia sneebia (6.7%) were recovered during the rainy season. S. typhi occurred most frequently during both seasons. Total bacterial, total coliform and Vibrio cholerae counts were significant at 5% significance level using t-distribution. The boreholes analysed were polluted by bacteria and need adequate treatment such as sand filtration, chlorination and boiling before drinking to avert a public health hazard.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Stored Water in Some Residential Homes

“…Thus, this support our report that contamination of water could be from the source. Onuorah et al, [21] reported the presence of Klebsiella, Vibrio, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus sp from borehole water in Ogbaru Community, Anambra State, Nigeria while Abdullahi et al, [22] reported the presence of Klebsiella from Staff school, Science Department and female hostel boreholes in Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru campus. The residents fetch their water from the bore holes; thus, this could be the primary area of contaminant especially since most of these boreholes are sited without proper geological surveys: proximity to toilet, dumpsites, latrines and septic tanks [23].…”

Isolation, Characterisation of Four Gram Negative Environmental Bacteria and Bacteriophage Plaques Formation on Their Lawns

“…Isolation of P. mirabilis from river Kuja in Migori county, is inline with the previous studies and therefore drinking water at such a time of sampling could cause diarrhoeal diseases. A study in Nigeria showed that borehole water was a source of V. cholerae, E. coli and Providencia sneebia during rainy and dry seasons 36 . These three bacteria also present in the surface waters of the current study have been reported to cause different forms of diarrhoea hence a health hazard.…”

Review of Drinking Water Quality in Nigeria: Towards Attaining the Sustainable Development Goal Six

“…Similarly, the microbial, heavy metal and estrogenic burden of borehole water in Nigeria are also high and of great concern (Adeghe and Emejulu, 2016;Samuel et al, 2019) post SDG implementation. Samuel et al (2019) reported pathogenic bacteria and coliform (including Salmonella Typhi) from borehole samples from Anambra State. Similar outcome was also reported in Rivers State (Obioma et al, Nwinyi et al, 2020 Review of drinking water quality in Nigeria…”