Bacteriological quality of organically grown leaf lettuce in Norway

Lončarević, Semir; Johannessen, Gro S.; Rørvik, Liv Marit

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01730.x

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…We also evaluated E. coli contamination, which is currently the best-available indicator of fecal contamination 17) . E. coli was isolated from 2.3% of the samples, including chicory, radish leaves, mustard leaves, and lettuce.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Vegetable from Urban Community Gardens in Korea

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Na³

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety

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-Many community gardens in large cities worldwide grow vegetables; however, no information regarding the levels of sanitary indicator bacteria and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in vegetables grown in urban community gardens is available. To evaluate the microbiological quality of vegetables from urban community gardens in Korea, 530 samples (nine types of vegetable, including Chinese cabbage, lettuce, radish leaves, spinach, mustard leaves, crown daisy, leek, Korean cabbage, and chicory) were collected at 11 urban community gardens in Seoul, Korea from September through October 2012. The levels of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, total coliforms, Salmonella spp. Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated quantitatively and/or qualitatively. The mean numbers of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms were 6.3 log CFU/g (range 3.8-8.1 log CFU/g) and 4.3 log CFU/g (range 2.1-6.4 log CFU/g), respectively. Total coliforms were detected on 67% of whole vegetables. Chicory showed the highest number of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms, whereas the lowest number of coliforms was detected on leeks. E. coli was detected on 2.3% of whole vegetables, including lettuce, radish leaves, mustard leaves, and chicory; however, foodborne pathogenic bacteria were not detected on any of the vegetable samples using this highly sensitive and validated procedure. Based on these findings, the presence of coliforms and E. coli demonstrates that opportunity for improvement of microbiological safety exists throughout the produce production chain, although no major foodborne pathogens were present in vegetables grown in urban community gardens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Vegetable from Urban Community Gardens in Korea

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Na³

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety

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“…Among the pathogens, pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella are most often involved [4] [5] [6] [7]. From May to June 2011, two separate outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurred in Europe and both were caused by shiga toxin producing a strain (STEC) O104:H4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological Quality and Risk Factors for Contamination of Raw Mixed Vegetable Salads Served in Collective Catering in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

Toe¹,

Dadié²,

Dako³

et al. 2017

AiM

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The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of raw mixed vegetable salads served in collective catering in Abidjan and to assess the factors likely to favor contamination. An investigation was conducted to determine the practical risk of contamination. A total of 306 samples were collected and analyzed for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and Salmonella according to standard microbiology methods. The most important risk factors were lack of training (96.7%), decontamination (84.0%), cross-contamination of vegetables in contact with fresh chicken or fish (76.7%) and salads that were uncovered and unprotected, thus exposed to the air and at ambient temperature for sale (97.7%). Theprevalence was 100%, 77.8% and 2.6% respectively for Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and Salmonella. The average load of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli was 4.93 log 10 (CFU/g) and 1.89 log 10 (CFU/g), respectively. Unsatisfactory microbiological quality samples were 52.3%. The results showed a failure of the sanitary quality in more than half of the products. Raising awareness in all of the workers in the food chain for vegetable salads is thus necessary to protect the health of the consumers.

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“…The few investigations on the bacteriological quality of organic fruit and vegetables that have been published have found no evidence that these products are of poorer hygienic quality, or have higher numbers of pathogenic bacteria present, than conventionally produced ones (16,(20)(21)(22)27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential Uptake of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Organic Manure into Crisphead Lettuce

Johannessen

Bengtsson²,

Heier

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

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To investigate the potential transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure to fresh produce, lettuce seedlings were transplanted into soil fertilized with bovine manure which had been inoculated with approximately 10 4 CFU g ؊1 E. coli O157:H7. The lettuce was grown for approximately 50 days in beds in climate-controlled rooms in a greenhouse. As the bacterium was not detected in the edible parts of the lettuce, the outer leaves of the lettuce, or the lettuce roots at harvest it was concluded that transmission of E. coli O157:H7 from contaminated soil to lettuce did not occur. The pathogen persisted in the soil for at least 8 weeks after fertilizing but was not detected after 12 weeks. Indigenous E. coli was detected only sporadically on the lettuce at harvest, and enterococci were not detected at all. The numbers of enterococci declined more rapidly than those of E. coli in the soil. Pseudomonas fluorescens, which inhibited growth of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro, was isolated from the rhizosphere.

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Bacteriological quality of organically grown leaf lettuce in Norway

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Vegetable from Urban Community Gardens in Korea

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Vegetable from Urban Community Gardens in Korea

Bacteriological Quality and Risk Factors for Contamination of Raw Mixed Vegetable Salads Served in Collective Catering in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

Potential Uptake of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Organic Manure into Crisphead Lettuce

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