Bacteriophage predation regulates microbial abundance and diversity in a full-scale bioreactor treating industrial wastewater

Shapiro, Orr H.; Kushmaro, Ariel; Brenner, Asher

doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.118

Cited by 138 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A long-term study provides total bacterial and viral numbers for a given environment, allowing comparison of phage-host interactions (46). Although these methods indicate apparent population sizes, they cannot provide data for the abundance of a specific phage or its co-occurrence with a corresponding host strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Communities in Fermented Foods

Park

Kim

Abell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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Viruses are recognized as the most abundant biological components on Earth, and they regulate the structure of microbial communities in many environments. In soil and marine environments, microorganisminfecting phages are the most common type of virus. Although several types of bacteriophage have been isolated from fermented foods, little is known about the overall viral assemblages (viromes) of these environments. In this study, metagenomic analyses were performed on the uncultivated viral communities from three fermented foods, fermented shrimp, kimchi, and sauerkraut. Using a high-throughput pyrosequencing technique, a total of 81,831, 70,591 and 69,464 viral sequences were obtained from fermented shrimp, kimchi and sauerkraut, respectively. Moreover, 37 to 50% of these sequences showed no significant hit against sequences in public databases. There were some discrepancies between the prediction of bacteriophages hosts via homology comparison and bacterial distribution, as determined from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These discrepancies likely reflect the fact that the viral genomes of fermented foods are poorly represented in public databases. Double-stranded DNA viral communities were amplified from fermented foods by using a linker-amplified shotgun library. These communities were dominated by bacteriophages belonging to the viral order Caudovirales (i.e., Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Siphoviridae). This study indicates that fermented foods contain less complex viral communities than many other environmental habitats, such as seawater, human feces, marine sediment, and soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Communities in Fermented Foods

Park

Kim

Abell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, viruses that target beneficial bacteria (bacteriaphages) represent an unstudied and potentially rich research area. Metagenomic sampling reveals that phages are likely the most abundant and diverse ''organismal'' classes present in any microbial community and also possess the capability to regulate microbial abundance (Shapiro et al, 2010). The propagation and rapid evolution of phages is a persistent problem for the food industry, because the activation of a typically dormant phage can result in the complete loss of the Lactobacillus driven fermentation process (see Shimizu-Kadota et al, 1983).…”

Section: Microbial Symbioses and Disease Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

An emerging paradigm of colony health: microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2011

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“…Multiple studies have demonstrated parasite-mediated selection for host resistance both in the laboratory [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and in natural populations [9][10][11][12]. Despite this propensity of hosts to evolve increased resistance, many natural populations are polymorphic with respect to resistance traits and disease remains ubiquitous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of evolving resistance in heterogeneous parasite environments

et al. 2011

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The evolution of host resistance to parasites, shaped by associated fitness costs, is crucial for epidemiology and maintenance of genetic diversity. Selection imposed by multiple parasites could be a particularly strong constraint, as hosts either accumulate costs of multiple specific resistances or evolve a more costly general resistance mechanism. We used experimental evolution to test how parasite heterogeneity influences the evolution of host resistance. We show that bacterial host populations evolved specific resistance to local bacteriophage parasites, regardless of whether they were in single or multiple-phage environments, and that hosts evolving with multiple phages were no more resistant to novel phages than those evolving with single phages. However, hosts from multiple-phage environments paid a higher cost, in terms of population growth in the absence of phage, for their evolved specific resistances than those from single-phage environments. Given that in nature host populations face selection pressures from multiple parasite strains and species, our results suggest that costs may be even more critical in shaping the evolution of resistance than previously thought. Furthermore, our results highlight that a better understanding of resistance costs under combined control strategies could lead to a more 'evolution-resistant' treatment of disease.

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Bacteriophage predation regulates microbial abundance and diversity in a full-scale bioreactor treating industrial wastewater

Cited by 138 publications

References 52 publications

Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Communities in Fermented Foods

Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Communities in Fermented Foods

An emerging paradigm of colony health: microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera)

The costs of evolving resistance in heterogeneous parasite environments

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