Bacteriophages for ESKAPE: role in pathogenicity and measures of control

Patil, Abhijit; Banerji, Rajashri; Kanojiya, Poonam; Koratkar, Santosh S.; Saroj, Sunil D.

doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1858800

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Some plaques showed regrowth of the bacteria which may be a sign of growing resistance. Nevertheless, the discovery of phages in the same wastewater in which the MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosae were found shows the enormous potentials of bacteriophages, though, requires further purification and standardization (Qin et al, 2020;Petrovic and Lin, 2020;Patil et al, 2021;El-Haddad et al, 2019). This is a welcome development in drug development research especially in this time of AMR threat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages from Wastewaters

Emencheta¹,

Eze²,

Attama³

et al. 2021

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This research was designed to isolate and test the lytic action of a bacteriophage specific to Pseudomonas sp. Both Pseudomonas spp. and bacteriophages were isolated from residential wastewaters. The isolated Pseudomonas spp. were confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibiogram was done with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), meropenem (MEM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CRO)). Plaque assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Pseudomonas sp. The host range of the isolated bacteriophages was also assessed. Cultural characteristics and biochemical tests confirmed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The bacterial isolates were sensitive to only ciprofloxacin. The Multi Antibiotic Resistance Indexes (MARI) of the isolated strains were greater than 0.8. The formation of plaques (clear zone) on the lawn of Pseudomonas spp confirmed lytic action. The bacteriophage showed plaques on Pseudomonas sp. isolated from other sites also. The isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosaphages from residential wastewaters is a promising molecular tool in combating the global antimicrobial resistance threat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages from Wastewaters

Emencheta¹,

Eze²,

Attama³

et al. 2021

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“… This table is based on the following references for vaccines ( Merakou et al., 2018 ; Bianconi et al., 2019 ; Theuretzbacher et al., 2020 ; Sainz-Mejías et al., 2020 ; Micoli et al., 2021 ; Antonelli et al., 2021 ), antibodies ( Lakemeyer et al., 2018 ; Theuretzbacher et al., 2020 ; Adlbrecht et al., 2020 ; Yaeger et al., 2021 ; Zurawski and McLendon, 2020 ), polymyxins ( Li, et al., 2019 ; Theuretzbacher et al., 2020 ; Lepak et al., 2020 ), new antibiotics ( WHO, 2021 ; Dickey et al., 2017 ; Tse et al., 2017 ), new combinations of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor ( WHO, 2021 ; Theuretzbacher et al., 2020 ), phages ( Friman et al., 2016 ; Jault et al., 2019 ; Patil et al., 2021 ), iron metabolism disruption ( Zhang et al., 2021 ; Frei et al., 2020 ), anti-biofilm ( Dickey et al., 2017 ), and other anti-virulence factors ( Dickey et al., 2017 ; Theuretzbacher et al., 2020 ). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the development duration, the pipeline remains unsatisfactory leading best case to the approval of new antibacterial drugs that treat CRPA in several years. In addition, as the United Nations, WHO, and numerous experts published in an April 29, 2019, report, immediate, This table is based on the following references for vaccines (Merakou et al, 2018;Bianconi et al, 2019;Sainz-Mejıás et al, 2020;Micoli et al, 2021;Antonelli et al, 2021), antibodies (Lakemeyer et al, 2018;Adlbrecht et al, 2020;Yaeger et al, 2021;Zurawski and McLendon, 2020), polymyxins (Li, et al, 2019;Lepak et al, 2020), new antibiotics (WHO, 2021;Dickey et al, 2017;Tse et al, 2017), new combinations of b-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitor (WHO, 2021;, phages (Friman et al, 2016;Jault et al, 2019;Patil et al, 2021), iron metabolism disruption (Zhang et al, 2021;Frei et al, 2020), anti-biofilm (Dickey et al, 2017), and other anti-virulence factors (Dickey et al, 2017;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, some phages are also able to disrupt biofilm barrier with EPS-depolymerase activity ( Cornelissen et al., 2012 ). Phage therapy includes mono-phage, phages-cocktail, phage-derived enzyme (lysin), bio-engineered phage, and phage combined with antibiotics ( Patil et al., 2021 ). Systematic literature search shows a large number of case study reports and compassionate use for severe patients in specialized centers but despite promising results recent clinical trial evidence-based will be necessary.…”

Section: Phage Therapy: Using a Bacteria Natural Killermentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is New in the Anti–Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Development Pipeline Since the 2017 WHO Alert?

Reig

Gouëllec

Bleves

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a substantial threat to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) are considered “critical-priority” bacteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2017 taking into account criteria such as patient mortality, global burden disease, and worldwide trend of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Indeed P. aeruginosa can be particularly difficult to eliminate from patients due to its combinatory antibiotic resistance, multifactorial virulence, and ability to over-adapt in a dynamic way. Research is active, but the course to a validated efficacy of a new treatment is still long and uncertain. What is new in the anti–P. aeruginosa clinical development pipeline since the 2017 WHO alert? This review focuses on new solutions for P. aeruginosa infections that are in active clinical development, i.e., currently being tested in humans and may be approved for patients in the coming years. Among 18 drugs of interest in December 2021 anti–P. aeruginosa development pipeline described here, only one new combination of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor is in phase III trial. Derivatives of existing antibiotics considered as “traditional agents” are over-represented. Diverse “non-traditional agents” including bacteriophages, iron mimetic/chelator, and anti-virulence factors are significantly represented but unfortunately still in early clinical stages. Despite decade of efforts, there is no vaccine currently in clinical development to prevent P. aeruginosa infections. Studying pipeline anti–P. aeruginosa since 2017 up to now shows how to provide a new treatment for patients can be a difficult task. Given the process duration, the clinical pipeline remains unsatisfactory leading best case to the approval of new antibacterial drugs that treat CRPA in several years. Beyond investment needed to build a robust pipeline, the Community needs to reinvent medicine with new strategies of development to avoid the disaster. Among “non-traditional agents”, anti-virulence strategy may have the potential through novel and non-killing modes of action to reduce the selective pressure responsible of MDR.

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“…Antimicrobial resistance is a signi cant threat to public health [5] and has the potential to cause 10 million deaths annually up to 2050 if nothing is done to mitigate its continued advance worldwide [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is The Disinfection Procedure of The Intensive Care Unit Able To Reduce the Bacterial Resistance and Risk of Contamination?

Abreu

Guzmán

Mata

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the main causes for the morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, we aimed to verify the presence, type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria in ICU settings, before and after disinfection procedures, and analyze the risk of contamination related to these bacteria in each area of the ICU.Methods: The study was conducted in the ICU of a medium-sized hospital in Brazil from February 2019 to February 2020. Samples were obtained from the surfaces of beds, bathrooms, pantries, sinks, pharmacies, administrative areas, and floors, before and after the disinfection process, with 1% benzalkonium chloride and biguanide mixture (BCB). The samples were processed and inoculated in different culture media for the selective isolation of strains of clinical interest. In addition, phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the VITEK® 2 system. We grouped different environmental, temporal, and microbial factors and characteristics to calculate the risk of contamination before disinfection (Rbd) and after disinfection (Rad), as well as the total risk (Rtt) and real risk observed (Foldrisk) in the ICU.Results: Gram-positive cocci and rods, gram-negative rods of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and non-fermenting gram-negative rods were recovered after disinfection and were found to be widely distributed. Higher bacterial diversity and frequency of resistance were observed, mainly the resistance of gram-positive bacteria to cephalosporin (p < 0.05) and lincosamides (p < 0.0001), and gram-negative bacteria to quinolones (p < 0.0001) and aminoglycosides (p < 0.05). The pantry, pharmacy, and beds showed major risks of contamination after disinfection (Rad), ranging from intermediate to very high-risk levels. Foldrisk for the pantry and beds presented a significant increase in two and three risk levels, respectively, after the disinfection process.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the presence of bacterial pathogens with multidrug-resistant profiles after disinfection with a higher risk of contamination, indicating that challenges still exist in the deployed disinfection protocols in the ICU settings, which are associated with the increased critical risk of HAIs after the disinfection procedure.

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Bacteriophages for ESKAPE: role in pathogenicity and measures of control

Cited by 18 publications

References 135 publications

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages from Wastewaters

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phages from Wastewaters

What Is New in the Anti–Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Development Pipeline Since the 2017 WHO Alert?

Is The Disinfection Procedure of The Intensive Care Unit Able To Reduce the Bacterial Resistance and Risk of Contamination?

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