Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus plantarum in burns

O’Neill

2012

100

ABSTRACTRecent studies have suggested that the topical application of probiotic bacteria can improve skin health or combat disease. We have utilized a primary human keratinocyte culture model to investigate whether probiotic bacteria can inhibitStaphylococcus aureusinfection. Evaluation of the candidate probioticsLactobacillus reuteriATCC 55730,Lactobacillus rhamnosusAC413, andLactobacillus salivariusUCC118 demonstrated that bothL. reuteriandL. rhamnosus, but notL. salivarius, reducedS. aureus-induced keratinocyte cell death in both undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Keratinocyte survival was significantly higher if the probiotic was applied prior to (P< 0.01) or simultaneously with (P< 0.01) infection withS. aureusbut not when added after infection had commenced (P> 0.05). The protective effect ofL. reuteriwas not dependent on the elaboration of inhibitory substances such as lactic acid.L. reuteriinhibited adherence ofS. aureusto keratinocytes by competitive exclusion (P= 0.026).L. salivariusUCC118, however, did not inhibitS. aureusfrom adhering to keratinocytes (P> 0.05) and did not protect keratinocyte viability.S. aureusutilizes the α5β1 integrin to adhere to keratinocytes, and blocking of this integrin resulted in a protective effect similar to that observed with probiotics (P= 0.03). This suggests that the protective mechanism forL. reuteri-mediated protection of keratinocytes was by competitive exclusion of the pathogen from its binding sites on the cells. Our results suggest that use of a topical probiotic prophylactically could inhibit the colonization of skin byS. aureusand thus aid in the prevention of infection.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus reuteri Protects Epidermal Keratinocytes from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Cell Death by Competitive Exclusion

Prince

O’Neill

2012

100

“…Recently, investigations into the utility of probiotics to benefit health have moved beyond the gut, and in particular, the use of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria as topical therapies for skin has received attention (13)(14)(15)(16). The skin and the gut have much in common; they both support taxonomically diverse microbiotas, act as a barrier between internal and external environments, and are subject to breaches in that barrier.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin and the gut have much in common; they both support taxonomically diverse microbiotas, act as a barrier between internal and external environments, and are subject to breaches in that barrier. Investigations have suggested that probiotics may be of value as treatments for skin: L. plantarum improved tissue repair in a burned mouse model and prevented infections in burns and chronic leg ulcers (13)(14)(15). Application of B. longum to healthy human skin reduced water loss (16), and we previously demonstrated that specific lactobacilli can inhibit adherence of the skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus to primary human keratinocytes (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Dependent Augmentation of Tight-Junction Barrier Function in Human Primary Epidermal Keratinocytes by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Lysates

Sultana

O’Neill

2013

128

In this study, we investigated whether probiotic lysates can modify the tight-junction function of human primary keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were grown on cell culture inserts and treated with lysates from Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus fermentum, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. With the exception of L. fermentum (which decreased cell viability), all strains markedly enhanced tight-junction barrier function within 24 h, as assessed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). However, B. longum and L. rhamnosus GG were the most efficacious, producing dose-dependent increases in resistance that were maintained for 4 days. These increases in TEER correlated with elevated expression of tight-junction protein components. Neutralization of Toll-like receptor 2 abolished both the increase in TEER and expression of tight-junction proteins induced by B. longum, but not L. rhamnosus GG. These data suggest that some bacterial strains increase tight-junction function via modulation of protein components but the different pathways involved may vary depending on the bacterial strain.

“…The topical application of Lactobacillus plantarum lysate inhibited the pathogenic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infected burns (29). In vivo, L. plantarum lysate has also been shown to improve wound healing in burn patients (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits the Toxic Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on Epidermal Keratinocytes

Mohammedsaeed

Cruickshank

et al. 2014

Few studies have evaluated the potential benefits of the topical application of probiotic bacteria or material derived from them. We have investigated whether a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection of human primary keratinocytes in culture. When primary human keratinocytes were exposed to S. aureus, only 25% of the keratinocytes remained viable following 24 h of incubation. However, in the presence of 10 8 CFU/ml of live L. rhamnosus GG, the viability of the infected keratinocytes increased to 57% (P ‫؍‬ 0.01). L. rhamnosus GG lysates and spent culture fluid also provided significant protection to keratinocytes, with 65% (P ‫؍‬ 0.006) and 57% (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) of cells, respectively, being viable following 24 h of incubation. Keratinocyte survival was significantly enhanced regardless of whether the probiotic was applied in the viable form or as cell lysates 2 h before or simultaneously with (P ‫؍‬ 0.005) or 12 h after (P ‫؍‬ 0.01) S. aureus infection. However, spent culture fluid was protective only if added before or simultaneously with S. aureus. With respect to mechanism, both L. rhamnosus GG lysate and spent culture fluid apparently inhibited adherence of S. aureus to keratinocytes by competitive exclusion, but only viable bacteria or the lysate could displace S. aureus (P ‫؍‬ 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, growth of S. aureus was inhibited by either live bacteria or lysate but not spent culture fluid. Together, these data suggest at least two separate activities involved in the protective effects of L. rhamnosus GG against S. aureus, growth inhibition and reduction of bacterial adhesion.