We argue for the appropriateness of using software agents for the monitoring and control of bioprocesses. Different approaches to the design of individual agents as well as complete multi-agent systems are discussed. This is followed by a brief discussion of a number of successful agent-based monitoring and control applications from different domains. We conclude by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of agent technology for monitoring and control of bioprocesses. # 2002 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: monitoring and control; software agents; multi-agent systems
INTRODUCTIONBioprocesses are getting more and more complex and often also involve economical and environmental constraints. This has led to engineers being faced with modelling and control problems of increasing complexity when trying to build systems that operate robustly over a wide range of conditions. When confronted with such problems, there is an intuitive appeal in decomposing them into a number of simpler local' problems. Local approaches of this kind are based on the divide-and-conquer strategy in the sense that the core of the representation of the model or controller is a partitioning of the system's full range of operation into multiple smaller operating entities, each of which is associated with a locally valid model or controller. This can often give a simpli®ed and transparent non-linear model or control representation. In addition, the local approach has computational advantages, it lends itself to adaptation and allows direct incorporation of high-level and qualitative plant knowledge into the model.