Bacteriuria in Urinary Schistosomiasis in Egypt

Laughlin, Larry W.; Farid, Z.; Mansour, Noshi; Edman, David C.; Higashi, Gene I.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.916

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Brookes et al (1972) calculated that an American patient with episodic Proteus mirabilis infection of the urinary tract, whose urine contained 0 5mM N-nitrosodimethylamine, would have been exposed to about 166 mg of the nitrosamine during the 3 days before the infection was reduced by treatment. A sufficiently high level of bacterial infection of the urinary tract is present in Egyptian boys (Carter et al, 1970;Laughlin et al, 1978) to suggest either chronic or regular intermittent exposure of the urothelium to nitrosamines during childhood and adolescence. This represents only one possible source of low doses of urine-borne carcinogens, and others may be encountered which are related to local variations in diet, drugs, water supply, smoking habits, etc.…”

Section: Bladdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a 5-1% incidence of bacteriuria was found in 390 Egyptian boys aged [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] years in regions of endemic S. haematobium infection, and this was 10 times that in areas non-endemic for schistosomiasis (Laughlin et al, 1978). It is thus theoretically possible that the urothelia of a significant percentage of juveniles are intermittently exposed to nitrosamines during bouts of bacterial cystitis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Schistosoma haematobium and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on the development of urothelial neoplasia in the baboon

Hicks¹,

James²,

Webbe³

1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Experiments were conducted to determine whether bladder cancer would develop in primates (Papio sp.) infected with S. haematobium and concurrently exposed to low initiating doses of the bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). To control for the systemic effects of schistosomiasis, 5 baboons were infected with S. mansoni, which does not lay its eggs in the bladder wall; to control for the effect of the carcinogen alone, 5 others were treated with BBN alone at the rate of 5 or 50 mg/kg per week for the duration of the experiment. Five animals were infected with S. haematobium and had no further treatment, and the main experimental group of 10 baboons was infected with S. haematobium and also treated weekly with 5 mg/kg BBN for up to 21 years. Four of the 10 animals in the last group, but none in the three control groups developed neoplastic disease of the urothelium. Four animals with S. haematobium plus BBN treatment developed in situ carcinoma in the bladder (3 latent adenomatous lesions and 1 more advanced papillary tumour) and 2 of these animals plus 1 other had slightly dysplastic urothelial endophytic papillary growths of the ureter which penetrated the muscle layer. By contrast, none of the control animals developed urothelial carcinomas, though 4/5 of those with S. haematobium infection alone had inflamed bladders with polypoid lesions, and one individual had endophytic papillary hyperplasia of the ureter. The animals were killed after 21 years while still relatively immature or adolescent, and it is possible that had they been allowed to survive longer some of the BBN-only group would have developed bladder cancer, and more of the latent lesions seen in the BBN + schistosomiasis group would have progressed to invasive carcinoma. It is postulated that, in this model for human bilharzial bladder cancer, schistosomiasis supplies the proliferative stimulus necessary to accelerate cancer growth from latent tumour foci produced by exposure to low doses of the bladder carcinogen. In areas of endemic schistosomiasis, carcinogenesis might be initiated, for example, by low doses of nitrosamines produced in the urinary tract during bouts of bacteriuria.

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Section: Bladdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Schistosoma haematobium and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on the development of urothelial neoplasia in the baboon

Hicks¹,

James²,

Webbe³

1980

Br J Cancer

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“…It is estimated that half of all women have suffered from one or more urinary tract infections (UTI) at least once in their lifetimes (5). Several reports have indicated that S. haematobium-infected individuals, particularly children, may be more susceptible to bacterial urinary tract coinfection than noninfected individuals in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic (6)(7)(8). However, a number of studies have disputed a link between these two infections (9,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-Induced Interleukin-4 Abrogates Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Activation-Associated Clearance of Bacterial Infection

Hsieh

2014

Infect Immun

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“…One patient in the amoxicillin group had recurrence after 1 year, and two patients in the ampicillin haematobium infection leads to obstructive changes in the urinary tract (10), a 5% incidence of bacteriuria in boys aged 5 to 16 years has been reported (9), and chronic bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia with S. typhi and S. paratyphi A has been described (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Salmonella bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia treated with low doses of amoxicillin or ampicillin

Bassily¹,

Kilpatrick²,

Farid³

et al. 1981

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Amoxicillin and ampicillin were compared at a dose of 250 mg twice daily for 4 weeks to treat Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A chronic bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia. Eleven patients received amoxicillin, and 15 received ampicillin. Concentrations of the two drugs were measured in the urine and serum on treatment days 1, 2, and 7. The urine levels of both antibiotics were maximal 2 h after administration, and minimal levels were 80-fold higher than the S. typhi minimal inhibitory concentration and 20-fold higher than the S. paratyphi A minimal inhibitory concentration. The serum level of amoxicillin was below the minimal inhibitory concentration of S. paratyphi A 6 h after administration on each of the testing days. The serum antibiotic levels of the two drugs showed no cumulative effect at day 2 or day 7. Of the 11 patients treated with amoxicillin, 1 had positive urine cultures during treatment, and 1 treated with ampicillin continued to be symptomatic. Recurrence of bacteriuria occurred in three of seven patients with persistent bladder calcification. None of the 26 patients in this study had positive blood culture during or after treatment. Amoxicillin and ampicillin at a dose of 250 mg twice daily were equally successful in treating chronic salmonelluria.

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Bacteriuria in Urinary Schistosomiasis in Egypt

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Schistosoma haematobium and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on the development of urothelial neoplasia in the baboon

Effect of Schistosoma haematobium and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on the development of urothelial neoplasia in the baboon

Helminth-Induced Interleukin-4 Abrogates Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Activation-Associated Clearance of Bacterial Infection

Chronic Salmonella bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia treated with low doses of amoxicillin or ampicillin

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