“…There is, however, a specific kind of non-veridical experience that supposedly poses an explanatory difficulty to naïve realism, namely total and neurally matching 1 I owe this formulation of naïve realism to Soteriou (2016, 83). The following figures can be counted as naïve realists: Allen (2019); Beck (2019aBeck ( , 2019b, Brewer (2011Brewer ( , 2017, Campbell (2002), French and Gomes (2019), Fish (2009), Ivanov (2022), Kennedy (2009Kennedy ( , 2013Logue (2012a), Martin (2002Martin ( , 2004, Moran (2019Moran ( , 2022 and Niikawa (2021). It is natural, though controversial, to interpret Johnston (2004Johnston ( , 2006 as a naïve realist.…”