Baicalin Ameliorates Depression-like Behaviors via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice

Abstract

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease which brings an increasing burden to all countries globally. Baicalin, a flavonoid extracted from the dried roots of Scutellaria, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects in the treatment of depression. However, the potential biological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are still unclear. In the present study, we conducted extensive research on the potential mechanisms of baicalin’s antidepressant effect using the methods of network pharmacology, including overlapped terms-based analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network topology analysis, and enrichment analysis. Moreover, these results were further verified through molecular docking, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression analysis, and subsequent animal experiments. We identified forty-one genes as the targets of baicalin in the treatment of depression, among which AKT1, IL6, TP53, IL1B, and CASP3 have higher centrality in the more core position. Meanwhile, the roles of peripheral genes derived from direct potential targets were also observed. Our study suggested that biological processes, such as inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, may be involved in the therapeutic process of baicalin on depression. These mechanisms were validated at the level of structure, gene, protein, and signaling pathway in the present study. Taken together, these findings propose a new perspective on the potential mechanisms underlying baicalin’s antidepressant effect, and also provide a new basis and clarified perspective for its clinical application.