Bait and the susceptibility of American lobsters Homarus americanus to epizootic shell disease

Bethoney, N. David; Stokesbury, Kevin D. E.; Stevens, Bradley G.; Altabet, Mark A.

doi:10.3354/dao02349

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There may be several reasons for the differences between the FA tracers and the stable isotope analysis. Bethoney et al (2011) demonstrated that δ 15 N values in lobster tissue reflect their long-term diet, so the time-period of our study may not have been long enough. Another consideration is that there may have been an insufficient amount of waste consumed to establish an isotopic signal, as lobsters are slow and periodic feeders (Bordner & Conklin 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

European lobsters utilise Atlantic salmon wastes in coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems

Baltadakis

Casserly

Falconer

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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In this study, we investigated if juvenile European lobsters Homarus gammarus would eat waste from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar cages in a coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setup and if there were any impacts on growth. Trophic interactions between salmon and lobsters were assessed using δ15N and δ13C stable isotope analysis and fatty acid profiling from fish feed as indicators of nutrient flow. Analysis revealed that lobsters directly utilised particulate waste from salmon production, as levels of indicator fatty acids from salmon feed were significantly higher in lobster tissues near the fish cages compared to the control site. Route of uptake may have been direct consumption of waste feed or faecal material or indirectly through fouling organisms. Stable isotope analysis did not indicate nutrient transfer to lobsters, suggesting that the duration of the study and/or the amount of waste consumed was not sufficient for stable isotope analysis. Lobsters grew significantly over the trial period at both sites, but there was no significant difference in lobster growth between the sites. Our results show a trophic relationship between salmon and lobsters within this IMTA system, with no apparent advantage or disadvantage to growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

European lobsters utilise Atlantic salmon wastes in coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems

Baltadakis

Casserly

Falconer

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Thus, in our single experimental system, the source of the bacteria identified in association with DISD-induced shell pathology is likely either the herring used to prepare the diet or the bacterial community in the aquarium water taken in from Boston harbor; as such, extrapolations to bacterial communities of shell disease in wild lobsters are not easily made. It is notable however, that some of the same bacteria detected in DISD lesions here are also commonly detected in wild outbreaks of shell disease and wild lobsters are known to consume high levels of fish from baited traps (Bethoney et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lesion bacterial communities in American lobsters with diet-induced shell disease

Quinn¹,

Metzler²,

Tlusty³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In southern New England, USA, shell disease affects the profitability of the American lobster Homarus americanus fishery. In laboratory trials using juvenile lobsters, exclusive feeding of herring Clupea harengus induces shell disease typified initially by small melanized spots that progress into distinct lesions. Amongst a cohabitated, but segregated, cohort of 11 juvenile lobsters fed exclusively herring, bacterial communities colonizing spots and lesions were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA amplified using 1 group-specific and 2 universal primer sets. The Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria predominated in both spots and lesions and included members of the orders Flavobacteriales (Bacteriodetes), Rhodo bacterales, Rhodospirillales and Rhizobiales (Alphaproteobacteria), Xanthomonadales (Gamma proteobacteria) and unclassified Gammaproteobacteria. Bacterial communities in spot lesions displayed more diversity than communities with larger (older) lesions, indicating that the lesion communities stabilize over time. At least 8 bacterial types persisted as lesions developed from spots. Aquimarina 'homaria', a species commonly cultured from lesions present on wild lobsters with epizootic shell disease, was found ubiquitously in spots and lesions, as was the 'Candidatus Kopriimonas aquarianus', implicating putative roles of these species in diet-induced shell disease of captive lobsters.

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“…In laboratory experiments, lobsters fed a diet of herring alone experienced significantly more shell disease and more mortality than those fed a wild diet (Myers and Tlusty 2009), but this was likely not ESD, rather it was a diet-induced form of the classical shell disease. In a field study, the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen were assessed in wildcaught lobsters with varying degrees of ESD, and whereas the 15 N levels indicated lobsters were eating large amounts of fish in their diet, there was little association between high levels of 15 N and the disease (Bethoney et al 2011). Moreover, ESD does not occur in other areas where herring is used broadly as bait within lobster fisheries.…”

Section: Epizootic Shell Disease (Esd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex etiologies of emerging diseases in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long Island Sound

Shields

2013

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Several diseases have recently emerged in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long Island Sound (LIS). Various stressors have been implicated as contributory factors, including increased bottom temperatures, extensive eutrophication with commensurate hypoxia, storm-induced thermal destratification, possible exposures to pesticides and metals, and fishery-induced stressors. Such stressors increase host susceptibility by weakening the host immune defenses and act to increase the transmission and severity of pathogens. The lobster mortality in western LIS in 1999 was linked to Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, but a complex of stressors resulted in outright mortality from hypoxia or consequent immune suppression that increased susceptibility to the ameba. Similar stressors have been implicated in the etiology of epizootic shell disease and calcinosis. The role of environmental stressors has been hard to delineate, but recent declines in landings indicate that epizootic shell disease has had a negative impact on the lobster population in LIS. Calcinosis, blindness, and hepatopancreatitis are indicators of continued exposure to anthropogenic stressors, but their etiologies remain undetermined. More research is needed to understand emerging diseases, their complex etiologies, and their effects on the lobster population.Résumé : Plusieurs maladies sont récemment apparues chez les homards (Homarus americanus) du Long Island Sound (LIS). Plusieurs facteurs de stress ont été mis en cause comme facteurs contributifs, y compris l'augmentation des températures du fond de l'eau, une vaste eutrophication avec hypoxie à l'avenant, une déstratification thermique induite par les tempêtes, des expositions possibles à des pesticides et métaux et des facteurs de stress associés à la pêche. De tels facteurs de stress accroissent non seulement la susceptibilité des hôtes en affaiblissant leurs défenses immunitaires, mais également la transmission et l'activité des pathogènes. Si la mortalité des homards dans la partie occidentale du LIS en 1999 a été reliée à Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, un complexe de facteurs de stress a entraîné une mortalité directe des suites de l'hypoxie ou de l'immunosuppression en découlant, qui se sont traduites par une susceptibilité accrue aux amibes. Des facteurs de stress semblables ont été mis en cause dans l'étiologie de l'épizootie de la carapace et de la calcinose. S'il s'est avéré difficile de cerner le rôle des facteurs de stress environnementaux, les baisses récentes des débarquements indiquent que l'épizootie de la carapace a eu un impact négatif sur la population de homards du LIS. La calcinose, la cécité, et l'hépatopancréatite sont autant d'indicateurs d'une exposition soutenue à des facteurs de stress d'origine humaine, mais leurs étiologies demeurent à définir. D'autres travaux sont nécessaires pour comprendre ces maladies émergentes, leurs étiologies complexes et leurs effets sur la population de homards. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Bait and the susceptibility of American lobsters Homarus americanus to epizootic shell disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

European lobsters utilise Atlantic salmon wastes in coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems

European lobsters utilise Atlantic salmon wastes in coastal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems

Lesion bacterial communities in American lobsters with diet-induced shell disease

Complex etiologies of emerging diseases in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long Island Sound

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