Balance and coordination training, but not endurance training, enhances synaptophysin and neurotrophin‐3 immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve crush

Bonetti, Leandro Viçosa; Ilha, Jocemar; Schneider, Ana Paula Krauthein; Barbosa, Sílvia; Faccioni-Heuser, Maria Cristina

doi:10.1002/mus.24889

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…60 Therefore, in the SC-EX group, treadmill exercise may have increased BDNF and NT3 expression in motor neurons and reconnected motor neurons with primary afferent neurons. Bonetti et al 23 In contrast, the synaptic coverage of VGLUT1-IR terminals in the MSC-EX group was not significantly different from that in the MSC group. Using a rat sciatic nerve transection and repair model, Brandt et al 14 showed that the synaptic coverage of VGLUT1-IR terminals was significantly lower when the timing of exercise initiation after injury was delayed (started 21-28 days after injury) than when exercise was started early (3 days after injury).…”

Section: Differences In Spinal Changes After Different Number Of Crus...mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, in the SC‐EX group, treadmill exercise may have increased BDNF and NT3 expression in motor neurons and reconnected motor neurons with primary afferent neurons. Bonetti et al 23 conducted a 4‐week treadmill exercise or balance coordination training on a rat sciatic nerve crush model, and reported that balance coordination training resulted in higher NT‐3 expression in the spinal cord. Different types of exercise may have different effects on the plasticity of the spinal cord after sciatic nerve injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other gait patterns, the stride length of the right hind limb and gait speed, were measured using custom software written in Matlab R2021a (Mathworks Inc, MA, USA). The stride length was measured as the distance from the metatarsal head of the right foot to the metatarsal head of the right foot 23 . The gait speed was calculated by dividing the distance per two stride lengths by the walking time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stride length was measured as the distance from the metatarsal head of the right foot to the metatarsal head of the right foot. 23 The gait speed was calculated by dividing the distance per two stride lengths by the walking time. The parameters for each rat were calculated from the average of three different measurements.…”

Section: Motor Function Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Activity-dependent therapies, such as treadmill exercise, have been shown to promote axonal regeneration and motor function recovery after peripheral nerve injury. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Promoting axonal regeneration facilitates reinnervation of the NMJ, 26 and enhancing afferent input to motor neurons via exercise reconnects primary afferents and motor neurons that have withdrawn because of the modulation of spinal cord changes, reestablishing synaptic function. [27][28][29] A planned peripheral nerve insult (conditioning lesion [CL]) promotes the axonal regeneration of peripheral nerves in response to subsequent nerve damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes

et al. 2022

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Introduction/Aims: Motor function recovery is frequently poor after peripheral nerve injury. The effect of different numbers of nerve crushes and exercise on motor function recovery is unknown. We aimed to examine how different numbers of crushes of the rat sciatic nerve affects muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits and the effect of exercise intervention.Methods: Single and multiple sciatic nerve crush models with different numbers of crushes were created in rats. Treadmill exercise was performed at 10 m/min for 60 min, five times a week. Muscle reinnervation and synaptic changes in L4-5 motor neurons were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Behavioral tests were the sciatic functional index (SFI) and the pinprick tests. Results:The percentage of soleus muscle reinnervation was not significantly increased by the presence of exercise in single or multiple crushes. Exercise after a single crush increased the contact of motor neurons with VGLUT1-containing structures (Exercised vs. Unexercised, 12.9% vs. 8.7%; p < .01), but after multiple crushes, it decreased with or without exercise (8.1% vs. 8.6%). Exercise after a single crush significantly improved SFI values from 14 to 24 days, and exercise after multiple crushes from 21 to 35 days (all p < .05). The pinprick test showed no difference in recovery depending on the number of crushes or whether or not exercised.Discussion: Different numbers of sciatic nerve crushes affect muscle reinnervation and motor neuron synaptic changes differently, but motor function recovery may improve with exercise regardless of the number of crushes.

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Section: Differences In Spinal Changes After Different Number Of Crus...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motor Function Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes

et al. 2022

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Resistance exercise promotes functional test via sciatic nerve regeneration, and muscle atrophy improvement through GAP-43 regulation in animal model of traumatic nerve injuries

Arabzadeh

Rahimi

Zargani

et al. 2022

Neuroscience Letters

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The effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review with meta-analyses

Sleijser-Koehorst

Koop

Coppieters

et al. 2023

J Neuroinflammation

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Background Increasing pre-clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise positively modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic nerve injury. However, meta-analyses on neuroimmune outcomes are currently still lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the pre-clinical literature on the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following peripheral nerve injury. Methods MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Controlled experimental studies on the effect of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with a traumatically induced peripheral neuropathy were considered. Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Results were analyzed using random effects models and reported as standardized mean differences. Outcome measures were reported per anatomical location and per class of neuro-immune substance. Results The literature search resulted in 14,590 records. Forty studies were included, reporting 139 comparisons of neuroimmune responses at various anatomical locations. All studies had an unclear risk of bias. Compared to non-exercised animals, meta-analyses showed the following main differences in exercised animals: (1) in the affected nerve, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were lower (p = 0.003), while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p < 0.001) and Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) (p = 0.01) levels were higher; (2) At the dorsal root ganglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/BDNF mRNA levels (p = 0.004) and nerve growth factor (NGF)/NGF mRNA (p < 0.05) levels were lower; (3) in the spinal cord, BDNF levels (p = 0.006) were lower; at the dorsal horn, microglia (p < 0.001) and astrocyte (p = 0.005) marker levels were lower; at the ventral horn, astrocyte marker levels (p < 0.001) were higher, and several outcomes related to synaptic stripping were favorably altered; (4) brainstem 5-HT2A receptor levels were higher (p = 0.001); (5) in muscles, BDNF levels (p < 0.001) were higher and TNF-α levels lower (p < 0.05); (6) no significant differences were found for systemic neuroimmune responses in blood or serum. Conclusion This review revealed widespread positive modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. These changes are in line with a beneficial influence on pro-inflammatory processes and increased anti-inflammatory responses. Given the small sample sizes and the unclear risk of bias of the studies, results should be interpreted with caution.

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Balance and coordination training, but not endurance training, enhances synaptophysin and neurotrophin‐3 immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve crush

Abstract: BCT can positively affect spinal cord plasticity after a (PNI), and these modifications are important in the rehabilitation process.

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes

Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes

Resistance exercise promotes functional test via sciatic nerve regeneration, and muscle atrophy improvement through GAP-43 regulation in animal model of traumatic nerve injuries

The effects of aerobic exercise on neuroimmune responses in animals with traumatic peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review with meta-analyses

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