Abstract. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a powerful tool in decision making process. Nevertheless, it is not rare that the BSC does not give satisfactory results because the indicators chosen do not reflect the needs of the organization. Therefore, indicator establishment is very crucial in the utilization of BSC. This research aims to determine the indicators BSC for a university and the research is a case study in Institut Teknologi Indonesia (ITI). In this study, BSC structure and indicators, comparison made by 4 previous researchers was used as the initial guide to determine the structure and indicators of ITI. And then, questionnaires were distributed to selected respondents and a focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted in order to produce indicators of BSC based on the mental model of the ITI. It is found 15 indicators based on the mental model of ITI. Furthermore, the relationships between the indicators are seen as dynamic relationships, and by using system dynamics, some feedback loops that are considered critical to organizational success can be identified and isolated. Keywords: Balanced Scorecard, indicators, system dynamics, decision making
IntroductionUniversity is non-profit organization that operates in dynamic environment. Due to this dynamic environment, a university faces many challenges and obstacles in operating its organization. Institut Teknologi Indonesia (ITI) also faces the same problems. ITI does not have the metrics to measure the performance and relate it to the organization's strategy. To improve the quality of its management, a university needs to measure its performance. Measuring the performance has become a central issue in both academia and business [9].To measure the performance can be used BSC. The determination of the indicator becomes important in the BSC because the proper indicators will ensure good performance of university operations. As a result, a university continuously tries to improve its weaknesses in order to ensure its competitiveness [1]. Several studies have been conducted to determine the indicator of university performance [2] and neglected the established university performance indicators [1]. Therefore, this study was conducted.The cause and effect relationship among BSC indicators are one-way relationship [9]. So that there can be a tendency to be indifference to its implementation. While, in fact, there are different interactions between the decision and the key performance indicators. BSC does not firmly separate cause and effect in the context of time [15]. The causal relationship in the real world does not happen