“…Values are believed to determine the selection and perception of external stimulus by influencing a person's cognitive‐affective appraisal of a situation in relation to both “means” and “ends” (Argyris and Schön, 1978; Feather, 1995; Krishnan, 1997), thereby affecting decision‐making (Argandona, 2003; Keeney, 1994; Liedtka, 1989; McCuen, 1996; Ravlin and Meglino, 1987) and behavioral choices (Adkins et al , 1996; Agle and Caldwell, 1999; Kraimer, 1997; Pant and Lachman, 1998; Ravlin and Meglino, 1987; Schein, 1999; Senge, 1990; Stevens, 1999), by motivating action (Dose, 1997; Locke, 1991) “within a given situation, the influence flows from abstract values to midrange attitudes to specific behaviors” (Krishnan, 1997, p. 210). Goals are understood as applications of values (whether conscious or unconscious) to specific situations (Locke, 1991).…”