Balancing of Engine Oil Components in a DI Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Grütering, Ulrich; Rosefort, Yves; Mauermann, Peter; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.4271/2007-01-1923

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…The increased bioavailability is related to the higher specific surface area of such small particles, as evidenced by a correlation between particle surface area and inflammatory response for certain materials (Karakoti et al, 2006; Sager and Castranova, 2009; Sager et al, 2008). Furthermore, engine emissions can contain trace metals originating from lubricating oil (Jung et al, 2003, 2005; Lee et al, 2006; Mayer et al, 2010; Schauer et al, 2006), and engine wear (Grütering et al, 2007; Toner et al, 2006). These trace metals can also adversely affect health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously reducing CO2 and particulate exposures via fractional recirculation of vehicle cabin air

Jung

Grady

Victoroff

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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Prior studies demonstrate that air recirculation can reduce exposure to nanoparticles in vehicle cabins. However when people occupy confined spaces, air recirculation can lead to carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation which can potentially lead to deleterious effects on cognitive function. This study proposes a fractional air recirculation system for reducing nanoparticle concentration while simultaneously suppressing CO2 levels in the cabin. Several recirculation scenarios were tested using a custom-programmed HVAC (heat, ventilation, air conditioning) unit that varied the recirculation door angle in the test vehicle. Operating the recirculation system with a standard cabin filter reduced particle concentrations to 1000 particles/cm3, although CO2 levels rose to 3000 ppm. When as little as 25% fresh air was introduced (75% recirculation), CO2 levels dropped to 1000 ppm, while particle concentrations remained below 5000 particles/cm3. We found that nanoparticles were removed selectively during recirculation and demonstrated the trade-off between cabin CO2 concentration and cabin particle concentration using fractional air recirculation. Data showed significant increases in CO2 levels during 100% recirculation. For various fan speeds, recirculation fractions of 50–75% maintained lower CO2 levels in the cabin, while still reducing particulate levels. We recommend fractional recirculation as a simple method to reduce occupants’ exposures to particulate matter and CO2 in vehicles. A design with several fractional recirculation settings could allow air exchange adequate for reducing both particulate and CO2 exposures. Developing this technology could lead to reductions in airborne nanoparticle exposure, while also mitigating safety risks from CO2 accumulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously reducing CO2 and particulate exposures via fractional recirculation of vehicle cabin air

Jung

Grady

Victoroff

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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Metal-Oxide Particles in Combustion Engine Exhaust

Mayer

Ulrich

Czerwiński³

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Concern for engine particle emission led to EC-regulations of the number of solid particles emitted by LDV and HDV. However, all conventional piston-driven combustion engines emit metal oxide particles of which only little is known. The main sources are abrasion between piston-ring and cylinder, abrasion of bearing, cams and valves, catalyst coatings, metal-organic lubrication oil additives, and fuel additives. While abrasion usually generates particles in the m-range, high concentrations of nanosize metal oxide particles are also observed, probably resulting from nucleation processes during combustion. In general, metal oxides, especially from transition metals, have high surface reactivity and can therefore be very toxic, especially nanosize particles, which evidently provide a high specific bioactive surface and are suspected to penetrate into the organism. Hence, these particles must be scrutinized for quantity, size distribution and composition.

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Balancing of Engine Oil Components in a DI Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Simultaneously reducing CO2 and particulate exposures via fractional recirculation of vehicle cabin air

Simultaneously reducing CO2 and particulate exposures via fractional recirculation of vehicle cabin air

Metal-Oxide Particles in Combustion Engine Exhaust

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