Balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory CD4+ T helper cells in the intestine

Gagliani, Nicola; Huber, Samuel

doi:10.5772/48183

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…The Th1-derived profile of cytokines supports inflammation and induces fever and infiltrations in target tissues. Intra-cellular bacterias and micobacterias are killed by macrophages activated with Th17-derived cytokines [16,17]. Th2 subpopulation balances pro-inflammatory cytokines activity due to anti-inflammatory suppressing role of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 [14][15][16].…”

Section: Activity Of Immunocompetent Cells and Overproduction Of Cytomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-cellular bacterias and micobacterias are killed by macrophages activated with Th17-derived cytokines [16,17]. Th2 subpopulation balances pro-inflammatory cytokines activity due to anti-inflammatory suppressing role of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 [14][15][16]. The profile of cytokines typical for given subpopulation of Th cells is not limited and Th2 are producing small amount of TNF and IL-2 with pro-inflammatory activity.…”

Section: Activity Of Immunocompetent Cells and Overproduction Of Cytomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The profile of cytokines typical for given subpopulation of Th cells is not limited and Th2 are producing small amount of TNF and IL-2 with pro-inflammatory activity. Stimulation of B cells towards immunoglobulins class switching is also associated with Th2 cells [16]. Stimulated B lymphocytes produce specific antibodies either, differentiate into memory cells subpopulation or mature into plasmablast and long-life plasmocytes.…”

Section: Activity Of Immunocompetent Cells and Overproduction Of Cytomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Autoimmunity of Gastrointestinal Tract

Pituch‐Noworolska¹,

Mach-Tomalska²

2017

Immunopathogenesis and Immune-Based Therapy for Selected Autoimmune Disorders

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Gastrointestinal tract diseases are recognised as autoimmune based on typical histopathology, presence of autoantibodies in serum and clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy. Like in other autoimmune diseases, the inducing factor is unknown; however, accumulating data suggests an increasing role of microbiota homeostasis and relation between the immune system (mucous-associated lymphoid tissue) and microbiota in intestinal lumen. The inflammation process is now described as autoinflammation with inflammasome formation or autoimmune chronic inflammation with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Diagnostic procedures include autoantibodies assay, histology of biopsy from intestinal mucous, genetic background (especially in celiac disease) and clinical symptoms. Therapy is adjusted to pathomechanism including regulation of microbiota homeostasis with pre-biotics and probiotics, inhibition of inflammatory process with steroids, classical immunosuppression and anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies and haematopoietic stem cells transplantation in severe cases with therapy resistance, progression and life-threatening course. The aim of this chapter is to review mechanisms of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal tract.

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