Objective: To describe the implications, anticipated and perceived, by providers and in a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of immediate patient access to inpatient notes and test results in the wake of the 21st Century Cures Act.
Study Design: Using a mixed-method approach in February 2021, a pre-implementation survey of neonatologists, neonatal fellows, nurse practitioners, and neonatal nurses reported their perspectives on the new 21st Century Cures Act and how they anticipated it would change their practice, and the experience of families in the NICU. In follow-up to implementation, a post-survey was completed by staff reporting their experiences in July 2021. Thematic analysis was performed.
Results: In the pre-implementation survey, staff reported the greatest perceived benefits of the changes to be an increase in families’ ability to be part of the care team and prepare questions, and faster discussion of results by the care team. Also, staff’s highest concerns were that family members may incorrectly interpret results delivered electronically without context provided by the care team and be overwhelmed by the amount of information available. In the post-implementation survey, staff reported the Act had less impact on their practice than they had anticipated pre-implementation.
Conclusion: To maximize benefits and limit burdens to families and staff, care teams should consider a thoughtful approach to information sharing with family members in compliance with the 21st Century Cures Act.