Balancing Safety I and Safety II: Learning to manage performance variability at sea using simulator-based training

Wahl, Aud Marit; Kongsvik, Trond; Antonsen, Stian

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2019.106698

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the maritime industry, ref [40] attempted to explain the issue that there is always a lack of regulation compliance even though there is enforcement of the use of safety regulations for fishermens' occupational risks in EU, by the use of a resilience perspective. [41] proposed a solution based on the safety-II perspective to manage the behavior of deck officers during critical operations at sea using simulator-based training. Theoretically, there is considerable potential for the application of the safety-II perspective in the maritime shipping industry, which is widely accepted as a complicated system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in the maritime shipping industry, "how things go right" has been paid attention to during safety management, and the development and distribution of "best practices" is a typical example. Therefore, the perspective of highlighting the knowledge about "how and why things go right" is labeled by safety-II [41]. According to [32], who first proposed the terms safety-I and safety-II to distinguish the two perspectives of safety, safety-II is "a condition where the number of successful outcomes is as high as possible.…”

Section: Concept Of Safety-i and Safety-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Gap and Correlation of Safety-I and Safety-II: A Case of Maritime Shipping Safety Management

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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In contrast to the conventional safety management principle, namely, safety-I, which focuses on “what goes wrong”, a new-born safety philosophy (safety-II) inspires people to investigate “how and why things go right”. In the present study, the cognitive difference and correlation between safety-I and safety-II in the maritime shipping industry are explored and investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire is administered to survey seafarers and maritime experts, and semi-structured interviews are conducted to collect original data associated with safety-I and safety-II. Then, the data from seafarers and maritime experts are further processed by empirical statistical methods and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The results show that impacting factors associated with individual aspects are usually accepted as dominant with respect to views of safety-I, while organizational factors are more influential for safety-II, which is essential to developing an organizational resilience capacity. Based on the findings and discussions, potential safety countermeasures that integrate safety-I and safety-II are proposed in this article. The present study discusses the new-born safety-II perspective to elucidate the safety issues associated with maritime shipping operations, which can be seen as the main innovation of this work.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concept Of Safety-i and Safety-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Gap and Correlation of Safety-I and Safety-II: A Case of Maritime Shipping Safety Management

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2021

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, a strict focus on compliance with procedures may cause practitioners to think that their strategies for staying safe are not acknowledged. Indeed, for many practical occupations, experience and flexibility are important safety factors [ [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ]. In these work environments, competence is often closely related to knowledge acquired through personal involvement.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Management in Norwegian Fish Farming: Current Status, Challenges, and Further Improvements

Thorvaldsen

Størkersen

Kongsvik

et al. 2021

Safety and Health at Work

Self Cite

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Background Safety management is required to ensure health and safety of personnel in Norwegian fish farming. However, few studies have addressed the status and practical relevance of this risk-reducing measure. Methods This article provides new knowledge through interviews with 35 employees at different company levels, addressing perceptions of various safety management activities according to managers and operational personnel. Results The interviews show that managers and operational personnel at fish farms agree that the quantity of measures aimed to improve safety has increased in recent years. However, some activities are perceived to have higher practical relevance than others. In general, measures that fit well with the practical reality are well received by the employees at the fish farms. Conclusion Suggested improvements include involving operational personnel in the design of procedures, considering all risk dimensions that may affect occupational health and safety, and challenging the value of specific safety activities based on a detailed knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of work practice in fish farming.

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“…Simulation has been extensively proved to be an effective method for fostering reflective practices about SPS and therefore reinforcing safe attitudes and behaviors [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation as a Training Method for Electricity Workers’ Safety

Bracco

Masini

Glowinski

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Simulation is a useful method to improve learning and increase the safety of work operations, both for technical and non-technical skills. However, the observation, assessment, and feedback about these skills is particularly complex, because the process needs expert observers, and the feedback could be judgmental and ineffective. Therefore, a structured process to develop effective simulation scenarios and tools for the observation and feedback about performance is crucial. To this aim, in the present research, we developed a training model for electricity distribution workers, based on high fidelity simulation. Methods: We designed simulation scenarios based on real cases, developed, and tested a set of observation and rating forms for the non-technical skills behavioral markers, and we tracked behaviors based on non-verbal cues (physiological and head orientation parameters). Results: The training methodology proved to be highly appreciated by the participants and effective in fostering reflexivity. An in-depth analysis of physiological indexes and behaviors compliant to safety procedures revealed that breath rate and heart rate patterns commonly related with mindful and relaxed states were correlated with compliant behaviors, and patterns typical of stress and anxiety were correlated with non-compliant behaviors. Conclusions: a new training method based on high fidelity simulation, addressing both technical and non-technical skills is now available for fostering self-reflection and safety for electricity distribution workers. Future research should assess the long-term effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation for electricity workers, and should investigate non-invasive and real-time methods for tracking physiological parameters.

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Balancing Safety I and Safety II: Learning to manage performance variability at sea using simulator-based training

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Cognitive Gap and Correlation of Safety-I and Safety-II: A Case of Maritime Shipping Safety Management

Cognitive Gap and Correlation of Safety-I and Safety-II: A Case of Maritime Shipping Safety Management

Safety Management in Norwegian Fish Farming: Current Status, Challenges, and Further Improvements

Simulation as a Training Method for Electricity Workers’ Safety

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