Balancing Work and Life When Self-Employed: The Role of Business Characteristics, Time Demands and Gender Contexts

Hagqvist, Emma; Toivanen, Susanna; Bernhard‐Oettel, Claudia

doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0024.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our second main conclusion constitutes the non-gendered and gendered ways of doing management in a dual-earner society. This research is situated in a Scandinavian context, which may be important in understanding how managers in this study related to work and family and the interface between them (Hagqvist et al, 2018). In comparison to the existing literature from other countries, female managers in this study seem to adhere to the same management identity as men and do management as men do.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, some scholars conclude that few women in Scandinavia use self-employment to balance work and their family life and that they therefore should experience lower levels of conflict (Hilbrecht and Lero, 2014). However, statistical evidence shows that both men and women in Norway and Sweden perceive difficulties in meeting the combined demands of working life and private life (Duvander et al, 2010; Hagqvist et al, 2017) and that managers, compared to regular employees, may be at higher risk of experiencing conflict (Hagqvist et al, 2015, 2018; Nordenmark et al, 2012). Based on interviews with 18 managers of SSEs (with fewer than 20 employees) in Norway and Sweden, this article contributes to this debate and to evidence from previous international studies by providing insights into how Scandinavian managers experience and relate to the intersection between work and private life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises

Hagqvist

Vinberg

Tritter

et al. 2019

Work, Employment and Society

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The aim of this article is to elucidate how male and female managers of small-scale enterprises in Norway and Sweden relate to and experience the intersection between work and private life. A qualitative content analysis was adopted to explore interviews with 18 managers. The analysis resulted in three primary categories: conflict as a part of the deal, using management to construct balance, and management identity contributing to enrichment. A key theme that emerged was doing management. Both men and women reproduced masculine values in describing their management identities and in explaining how they enacted management. This clear identification was used to legitimate conflict, construct balance and explain the interaction between work and private life as enriching. How the managers enacted gender emerged primarily in how they related to family responsibilities and their feelings of guilt in relation to home and children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises

Hagqvist

Vinberg

Tritter

et al. 2019

Work, Employment and Society

Self Cite

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“…More than often, it was evident that the foundation of these studies rested on not just the role of gender but the dynamics of relationships whether they are formal or informal being played out (Jafari-Sadeghi, 2020). Growing studies on gender differences (Reynolds et al, 2004) are multifaceted and have a wide deal of research on gender differences and their relationship to business creation (Noguera et al, 2015), on constraints that stem from family, culture and society and the negative effect of this because of high demands on time and commitments of work-life balance (Hagqvist and Bernhard-Oettel, 2018). Furthermore, traditional roles consigned to women hinder the idea of entrepreneurship and make it less desirable in comparison to their male counterparts (Langowitz and Minniti, 2007).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family dynamics and relationships in female entrepreneurship: an exploratory study

Dewitt

Jafari‐Sadeghi

Sukumar

et al. 2022

JFBM

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PurposeGiven the recent emergence of China as a dominant economy and internal changes that have led to the encouragement of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial initiatives, this paper explores whether family dynamics and relationships still play an important role in women's decision to become entrepreneurs. It aims to understand whether there has been a shift in family dynamics and decision-making that supports female entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachGiven that the purpose of the study is to understand the role of relationships and family dynamics in their career choice, this study has taken a qualitative approach and carried out interviews with fifteen Chinese female entrepreneurs to understand the role of relationships and family dynamics in their career choice.FindingsThe results note that though there are changes in family dynamics that encourage female entrepreneurship, women still find it difficult to choose entrepreneurship as a career and there are unfair expectations that are placed on them. The expectations create undue stress which directly affects their ability to carry out their professional duties. The research suggests that to foster the development of female entrepreneurship, government agencies and local government bodies should provide further access to family support services that can facilitate women's empowerment and foster entrepreneurial thinking without feeling guilty about family commitments or unfair expectations.Originality/valueRecent studies on women's entrepreneurship have focused on various facets. The role of family dynamics and relationships has long been studied in the context of female entrepreneurship. In emerging economies like China, family dynamics and relationships determine whether women can choose entrepreneurship as a career choice or not. However, there is very limited research on the topic, in the geographical context of China. Hence, this paper is among pioneer research addressing family dynamics in the female entrepreneurship debate in China.

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Hidden costs of entering self-employment: the spouse’s psychological well-being

Alshibani,

Kristoffersen,

Volery

2024

Small Bus Econ

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Spouses are known to play a critical supportive role for the self-employed, yet very little evidence is available concerning how entrepreneurial pursuits affect the spouse. The present analysis offers a contribution by evaluating short-term psychological well-being dynamics among spouses of individuals entering self-employment, using panel survey data from Australia. We construct matched control samples based on a range of relevant characteristics to mitigate selection bias and find that spouses of self-employed individuals report substantially higher levels of well-being before entry into self-employment and experience a modest but statistically significant decrease in well-being following entry. This is consistent with the hypothesis that self-employment demands substantial psychological capital from spouses. These patterns hold for both genders, with only moderate gender differences identified. In contrast, spouses of those entering self-employment from unemployment report improvements in well-being.

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Balancing Work and Life When Self-Employed: The Role of Business Characteristics, Time Demands and Gender Contexts

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises

The Same, Only Different: Doing Management in the Intersection between Work and Private Life for Men and Women in Small-scale Enterprises

Family dynamics and relationships in female entrepreneurship: an exploratory study

Hidden costs of entering self-employment: the spouse’s psychological well-being

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