Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review.

Edwards, Sarah

doi:10.1136/sti.72.3.155

Cited by 74 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…A range of other skin conditions may affect the glans penis. These include psoriasis, lichen planus, seborrhoeic dermatitis, pemphigus and dermatitis artefacta 1 . In addition there are premalignant conditions including Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis, which form a continuum with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) but vary in clinical presentation and history 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis

Edwards

2001

Int J STD AIDS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis

Edwards

2001

Int J STD AIDS

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“…It occurs at any age, especially in uncircumcised men, accounting for 11%-13% of them (1,2). It is more common in diabetics (3), in whom it is frequently chronic or recurrent, with an increased risk of 73% compared to non-diabetics in the present research.…”

Section: Penile Mycosismentioning

confidence: 52%

Prevalence and risk factors for penile lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men â‰¥ 40 years of age

Romero¹,

Romero²,

Almeida

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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Purpose: To report the prevalence and risk factors of penile lesions/anomalies in a Metropolitan Brazilian city. Materials and Methods: All participants undergoing prostate cancer screening in the city of Curitiba were systematically examined to identify penile lesions including cutaneous mycosis, sexually transmitted diseases, penile cancer, meatal stenosis, hypospadias, and Peyronie's disease. Outcomes of interest included the prevalence and the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals of the lesions/anomalies according to age, school level, race, personal history of diabetes, arterial hypertension, nonspecific urethritis, and vasectomy. Results: Balanoposthitis occurred in 11.8% of all participants, with an increased risk in those with diabetes (RR = 1.73), or past history of nonspecific urethritis (RR = 1.58); tinea of the penis was present in 0.2%; condyloma acuminata in 0.5%; herpes virus infection in 0.4%; urethral discharge in 0.2%; genital vitiligo in 0.7%, with an increased prevalence in non-white men (RR = 4.43), and in subjects with lower school level (RR = 7.24); phimosis in 0.5%, with a nearly 7-fold increased risk in diabetics; lichen sclerosus in 0.3%; stenosis of the external urethral meatus in 0.7%, with a higher prevalence in subjects with lichen sclerosus (RR = 214.9), and in those older than 60 years of age (RR = 3.57); hypospadia in 0.6%; fibrosis suggestive of Peyronie's disease in 0.9%, especially in men older than 60 years (RR = 4.59) and with diabetes (RR = 3.91); and penile cancer in 0.06%. Conclusion: We estimated the prevalence and risk factors of commonly seen penile diseases in an adult cohort of Brazilian men.

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“…Zoon described eight cases of chronic balanitis with unique benign appearing histologic findings previously diagnosed as Erythroplasia of Queyrat [1][2][3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms are minimal, but patients may complain of mild pruritus or tenderness. Some patients present for evaluation because of cosmetic concerns or anxiety [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma cell balanitis (Zoon`s balanitis): A clinicopathological study of 8 cases

Rao¹,

Yadalla²

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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A disorder first described by Zoon in 1952, Zoon`s balanitis or Plasma cell balanitis (PCB), is an uncommon clinical disorder seen in middleaged uncircumcised men. It is characterized by one or more indolent well demarcated, glazed, reddish brown patches on the glans penis or prepuce. The etiology of this disease is unknown. This balanitis does not respond to routine topical antifungals, steroid creams and systemic antifungals. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy. Herein we report 8 cases of PCB, presenting with a characteristic clinical picture of the disease. In all cases circumcision was done and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of PCB. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months and no recurrences were observed. Development of malignancy is not seen. In conclusion. We believe that for all cases of balanitis, not responding to routine topical antifungals, steroid creams and systemic antifungals, the diagnosis of Zoon`s balanitis should be considered. StreszczenieChoroba po raz pierwszy została opisana przez Zoon`a w 1952 roku. Zapalenie żołędzi typu Zoona lub też plazmacytowe zapalenie żołędzi (PCB) jest rzadkim, klinicznym zaburzeniem obserwowanym u nieobrzezanych mężczyzn w średnim wieku. Charakteryzuje się ono jedną lub większą ilością łagodnych, dobrze odgraniczonych, połyskujących, czerwonawych plamek na żołędzi penisa lub napletku. Etiologia zmian pozostaje nieznana. Ten rodzaj zapalenia żołędzi nie odpowiada na typowe leczenie przeciwgrzybicze: miejscowe czy systemowe oraz na maści sterydowe. Diagnoza jest potwierdzana biopsją. W tym artykule opisujemy 8 przypadków PCB oraz ich obraz kliniczny. We wszystkich przypadkach został wykonany zabieg obrzezania a badanie histopatologiczne potwierdziło diagnozę. Wszyscy pacjenci byli obserwowani przez okres 6 miesięcy, nie zanotowano nawrotu choroby. Nie zanotowano transformacji nowotworowej. Wszystkie przypadki zapalenia żołędzi nie odpowiadające na leczenie przeciwgrzybicze miejscowe lub systemowe oraz na maści sterydowe powinny zostać ponownie rozpatrzone pod kątem diagnozy PCB.

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Balanitis and balanoposthitis: a review.

Cited by 74 publications

References 82 publications

European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis

European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis

Prevalence and risk factors for penile lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men â‰¥ 40 years of age

Plasma cell balanitis (Zoon`s balanitis): A clinicopathological study of 8 cases

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