Balinese

Religiosity, masculinity, and marital and life satisfaction among Balinese Hindu men

“…Oftentimes they also work outside of the home to produce income. Parker (2003) provided a detailed description of familial and parental roles in Balinese culture. In particular, she noted that "although boy babies are generally more welcome than girl babies-for reasons of family-and kin-group maintenance, performance of death rituals, inheritance, and so on-there is no great difference in their treatment; babies of both sexes are treated 'as gods' and are much loved" (p. 307).…”

“…Over the last three decades tourism has become the largest single industry in terms of income (Radzmi, 2014). However, as a consequence of Western tourist culture, global popular culture and media, and urbanization, Balinese gender relations are currently in flux (Parker, 2003). Ideals of masculinity and femininity have been shifting as well.…”

“…Ideals of masculinity and femininity have been shifting as well. Masculine ideals of physical strength and endurance, community participation, leadership, and responsibility are in decline; men are increasingly identified with, and measured by, the economic well-being of their nuclear family (Parker, 2003). Similarly, Suryani (2004) acknowledged how the aforementioned outside influences on Bali-promoting values of consumerism, individualism, and competition that are at odds with the Balinese values of balance, community, and harmony-have engendered a plethora of social problems on the island: prostitution, substance abuse, and HIV/AIDS.…”