Ball‐Cactus‐Like Bi Embedded in N‐Riched Carbon Nanonetworks Enables the Best Potassium Storage Performance

Abstract

The potassium‐ion battery (PIB) has emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. The major challenges confronted by PIB anodes lie in sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability owing to the inherent large K+ size. Here, a hybrid of ball‐cactus‐like Bi nanospheres embedded in 3D N‐riched carbon nanonetworks (Bi NSs/NCNs) is designed and synthesized by electrospinning. As an anode, Bi NSs/NCNs exhibits an unprecedented rate (489.3 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1) and long‐cycling performance (457.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 2000 cycles), outperforming all reported PIB anode materials. Such outstanding performance mainly originates from the stable solid‐electrolyte interface formed in the glyme‐based electrolyte and the unique interconnected porous nanostructure, both of which contribute to fast kinetics and high pseudocapacitive contributions upon cycling.

Electrochemical Activation, Sintering, and Reconstruction in Energy‐Storage Technologies: Origin, Development, and Prospects

“…Reproduced with permission. [62] Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. d) Schematic illustration for the potassium storage reaction mechanism and electrochemical reconfiguration of the FeSe 2 anode.…”

“…[59,60] Moreover, morphology variations have been extended from organic electrolyte battery systems (i.e., LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs) to other energystorage devices, such as aqueous batteries, supercapacitors, and all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). [61][62][63][64][65][66] Figure 1. The schematic diagrams for electrochemical activation, electrochemical sintering, and electrochemical reconstruction.…”

Green self-activation engineering of metal–organic framework derived hollow nitrogen-doped carbon spheres towards supercapacitors

“…5d–f) can be fitted well into three types, namely pyridinic N (N-6, ∼398.6 eV), pyrrolic/pyridonic N (N-5, ∼400.1 eV) and quaternary N (N-Q, ∼401.5 eV). 42 As regards the high-resolution O 1s (Fig. 5g–i), three different configurations including O-I (OC, ∼531.6 eV), O-II (C–O, ∼532.5 eV) and O-III (OC–O, ∼533.6 eV) were observed.…”

Bi@C Nanospheres with the Unique Petaloid Core–Shell Structure Anchored on Porous Graphene Nanosheets as an Anode for Stable Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

“…37 Nevertheless, the low electronic conductivity of Bi metal is an issue that has to be considered. Furthermore, the dramatic volume expansion of Na 3 Bi/K 3 Bi formed during the alloying process is as high as 352/409%, 38,39 which is also not negligible to make the electrode material break and pulverize, thus greatly impairing the cycling stability and hindering its practical application in SIBs/PIBs. Up to now, it has been proven that designing nanoscale materials can be used as an effective solution, such as nanospheres, 40 nanorods, 41,42 nanotubes, 43 nanosheets, 44 and core−shell nanostructure materials.…”

“…Nevertheless, the low electronic conductivity of Bi metal is an issue that has to be considered. Furthermore, the dramatic volume expansion of Na 3 Bi/K 3 Bi formed during the alloying process is as high as 352/409%, , which is also not negligible to make the electrode material break and pulverize, thus greatly impairing the cycling stability and hindering its practical application in SIBs/PIBs.…”