Ball lightning plasma and plasma arc formation during the microwave heating of carbons

Menéndez, J.Á.; Juárez-Pérez, Emilio J.; Ruisánchez, E.; Bermúdez, J.M.; Arenillas, A.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.010

Cited by 150 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…When CH is applied, the uniform temperature of the adsorbent is quite realistic for small beads of adsorbent with good thermal conductivity. It should also be noted that hot spots and microplasmas are observed in MH of carbons, despite MH is volumetric, in which local temperatures are much higher than the measured bulk temperature [13]. Concerning the uniform temperature of the desorber wall, it is introduced in the model due to the low thickness of the wall.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calculation of Critical Efficiency Factors of Microwave Energy Conversion into Heat

Cherbański

2011

Chem Eng & Technol

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A modeling approach aimed at calculating critical efficiency factors of microwave energy conversion into heat for different operating conditions is presented. In the experimental part, an efficiency factor was determined for microwave heating of 13X zeolites in a multimode microwave cavity. A comparison of the obtained results with the results reported in the literature indicated that microwave heating (MH) can be more energy-efficient than convective heating (CH). Moreover, it follows from the performed simulations that maintaining the same adsorbent bed temperatures in MH and CH for increasing gas flow rates rises energy consumptions in CH and decreases the critical efficiency factors, thereby improving the economic efficiency of MH.

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Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calculation of Critical Efficiency Factors of Microwave Energy Conversion into Heat

Cherbański

2011

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…This is a result of field enhancement and field emission of electrons when the induced electric potential exceeds the coulomb potential. As a result of these discharges, metal tips can be melted, implying that a discharge can produce local temperatures of 1000 °C-2000 °C [25][26][27]. Our research group has studied the heating effects associated with microwave-metal discharges and found that the energy conversion ratio from electrical energy to heat can reach as high as 30% [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

et al. 2012

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This paper describes a kinetic study of the decomposition of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) under conventional and microwave-induced pyrolysis conditions. We discuss the heating rates and the influence of the pyrolysis on the thermal decomposition kinetics of WPCB. We find that the thermal degradation of WPCB in a controlled conventional thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) occurred in the temperature range of 300 °C-600 °C, where the main pyrolysis of organic matter takes place along with an expulsion of volumetric volatiles. The corresponding activation energy is decreased from 267 kJ/mol to 168 kJ/mol with increased heating rates from 20 °C/min to 50 °C/min. Similarly, the process of microwave-induced pyrolysis of WPCB material manifests in only one stage, judging by experiments with a microwave power of 700 W. Here, the activation energy is determined to be only 49 kJ/mol, much lower than that found in a conventional TGA subject to a similar heating rate. The low activation energy found in microwave-induced pyrolysis suggests that the adoption of microwave technology for the disposal of WPCB material and even for waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) could be an attractive option.

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“…For instance, the MIP of the macroalgae industrial solid waste produces 463.9 L STP of syngas per kg of waste, which is twice the amount produced by conventional pyrolysis (232.1 L STP kg −1 ). Microwave heating initiates a process that proceeds at temperatures higher than the operating temperature due to the presence of microplasmas, consisting of hot spots that last just a fraction of a second but in that time reach temperatures considerably higher than the mean temperature [58]. This induces the thermal cracking of the volatiles into lighter gaseous molecules, such as H 2 and CO.…”

Section: Reaction Numbermentioning

confidence: 98%

Microwave Pyrolysis of Organic Wastes for Syngas-Derived Biopolymers Production

Beneroso¹,

Bermúdez²,

Arenillas³

et al. 2014

Production of Biofuels and Chemicals With Microwave

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Bioplastics production is a growing industry that offers an alternative to that of conventional fossil-derived plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biopolymers whose thermo-mechanical properties can be comparable to those of conventional plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates can be produced through the bacterial fermentation of carbon substrates, although to be commercially viable cheap renewable resources such as syngas (CO + H 2 + CO 2 ) from waste pyrolysis are required. Microwave pyrolysis has been demonstrated to have the potential of maximising both the gas production and syngas concentration. Hence it is an appropriate thermochemical route for further syngas fermentation. A combination of different factors, such as the type of waste, the moisture content, the pyrolysis temperature or the use of a microwave receptor makes microwave pyrolysis highly versatile, so that the syngas produced can be virtually tailored to the specific requirements of the bacteria.

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Ball lightning plasma and plasma arc formation during the microwave heating of carbons

Cited by 150 publications

References 8 publications

Calculation of Critical Efficiency Factors of Microwave Energy Conversion into Heat

Calculation of Critical Efficiency Factors of Microwave Energy Conversion into Heat

Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Subject to Conventional and Microwave Heating

Microwave Pyrolysis of Organic Wastes for Syngas-Derived Biopolymers Production

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