Ball-milling combined calcination synthesis of In2O3/C3N4 for high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

Abstract

important practical value to prepare photocatalytic materials with high activity under visible light.Indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), a n-type semiconductor material, has a direct band gap of 3.8 eV and an indirect band gap of 2.8 eV [2]. It is an effective sensitizer and its absorption spectrum can extend from ultraviolet region to the visible region. It has been widely used in solar cells [3], flat panel display [4], gas sensor [5]. However, due to the high electron-hole recombination rate, the efficiency of In 2 O 3 is still limited. In order to improve the photocatalytic activity of In 2 O 3 , researchers have used a variety of methods, such as morphology control [6,7], metal deposition [8], and combining with semiconductors [9][10][11].Graphitic carbon nitride (denoted as C 3 N 4 ) is a kind of medium band gap (2.7 eV) nonmetal photocatalyst [12]. It has good chemical stability and thermal stability. Furthermore, it can be used to split water into H 2 and O 2 and degrade organic pollutants under visible light irradiation [13]. But high photoproduction electron-hole recombination rate seriously affects the catalytic properties of C 3 N 4 . C 3 N 4 can be easily adhered on the surface of other compounds due to its softness. Deferent types of strategies have been used to make the catalytic properties of C 3 N 4 better, including coupling with metals [14][15][16] [29]. Compared with the original semiconductor materials, the photocatalytic performance of these composites were enhanced obviously. Through mechanism analyzing, the reason for photocatalytic performance enhancements may be the improvement of electron-hole migration and separation.Recently, some investigations about In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 were reported. In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 composites can be used for hydrogen evolution

Water‐Stable DMASnBr3 Lead‐Free Perovskite for Effective Solar‐Driven Photocatalysis

“…In general, there is a trend towards lower values by increasing the loading of the MHP during the ball‐milling process. Such synthetic route, while favoring the dispersion and improving the contact between the two materials, leads to a reduction of the surface area in the samples [27–29] . However, ball‐milling is a very simple and straightforward synthetic method which is suitable also to large scale catalyst synthesis and its positive effect on the HER rate of g‐C 3 N 4 ‐based composites has been already observed [27–29] …”

Indium Oxides and Related Indium‐based Photocatalysts for Water Treatment: Materials Studied, Photocatalytic Performance, and Special Highlights

“…In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 heterostructures were prepared by Zhang et al [ 90 ] via calcination of ball‐milled In(OH) 3 and C 3 N 4 . The degradation of MO was used to assess the photocatalytic activities of In 2 O 3 , C 3 N 4 , and the In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 composites under visible‐light irradiation.…”

“…In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 heterostructures were prepared by Zhang et al [90] via calcination of ball-milled In(OH) 3 [91] by conducting the UVassisted photoreduction GO to RGO in the presence of INR. This arrangement allowed for good interfacial contact between INR and RGO, as shown schematically in Figure 11.…”

“…In 2 O 3 /C 3 N 4 heterostructures were prepared by Zhang et al [90] via calcination of ball-milled In(OH) 3 •À and h þ . A homogeneous distribution of In 2 O 3 nanorods (INR) on RGO were obtained by Huang et al [91] by conducting the UVassisted photoreduction GO to RGO in the presence of INR.…”

The antibacterial activity of indium oxide thin film prepared by thermal deposition

“…Its absorption spectrum can extend from ultraviolet region to the visible region. It has been widely used in solar cells, flat panel display, and other environmental pollutants [3]. Moreover, there is also [3].…”