Ball milling for cellulose depolymerization and alcoholysis to produce methyl levulinate at mild temperature

Chen, Xueli; Zhang, Yuxuan; Mei, Jiaqi; Zhao, Guanglu; Qian, Lei; Lyu, Xue; Lyu, Huanhuan; Han, Lujia; Xiao, Weihua

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.02.002

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The lower decomposition temperatures after ball milling also indicate that ball-milled corn stover has a lower activation energy, enabling it easier to transform under catalytic conditions. This was demonstrated in a number of studies where ball milling pretreatment was shown to promote the catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass [ 21 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Structure–property–degradability relationships of varisized lignocellulosic biomass induced by ball milling on enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholysis

Chen

Hou

et al. 2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain clean fuels and high-value chemicals is attractive and essential for sustainable energy and chemical production, but the complex structure of biomass is recalcitrant to catalytic processing. This recalcitrance can be overcome by pretreating biomass into deconstructable components, which involves altering the structural complexities and physicochemical properties. However, the impact of these alterations on biomass deconstruction varies considerably, depending on the pretreatment and subsequent conversion type. Here, we systematically describe the changes in structure and properties of corn stover after ball milling as well as their influence on the following enzymatic saccharification and acid-catalyzed alcoholysis, with the aim of elucidating the relationships between structures, properties and deconstructable potential of lignocellulosic biomass. Results Ball milling causes dramatic structural changes, since the resistant plant cell walls are destroyed with size reduction to a cellular scale, leading to the increase in surface area and reducing ends, and decrease in crystallinity and thermal stability. As a result, ball-milled corn stover is more susceptible to enzymatic saccharification to fermentable sugars and provides more industrially viable processing approaches, as it is effective at high solids loading and minor enzyme loading, without any other pretreatment. Acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of corn stover to biofuels, on the other hand, is also enhanced by ball milling, but additional processing parameters should be tailored to the needs of efficient conversion. Further, a detailed examination of process variables coupled with a kinetic study indicates that acid-catalyzed alcoholysis is limited by the process variables rather than by the substrate parameters, whereas ball milling facilitates this reaction to some extent, especially under mild conditions, by lowering the activation energy of corn stover decomposition. Conclusions The efficient catalytic conversion of biomass is closely related to its structure and properties, an understanding of which offers prospects for the rational improvement of methods aimed at more economic commercial biorefineries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition to particle size and morphology, crystallinity is also a key factor determining cellulose conversion and is affected by ball milling [ 25 ]. As depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–property–degradability relationships of varisized lignocellulosic biomass induced by ball milling on enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholysis

Chen

Hou

et al. 2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Because aluminum salts such as AlCl 3 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are reported to show impressive catalytic efficiency in the conversion of polysaccharides into valuable chemicals, ,,,− and the H 2 O–THF reaction system is frequently employed for the synthesis of HMF from carbohydrates, , here, we employed an H 2 O–THF biphasic system as the reaction medium and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 as the catalyst for the conversion of cellulose into HMF. In the beginning, we studied the influence of the H 2 O/THF ratio on the conversion of cellulose to HMF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Cellulose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in a Biphasic System Catalyzed by Aluminum Sulfate and Byproduct Characterization

Shi

Zhu

Qin

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose is a crucial step in the production of high-value chemicals and fuels from renewable cellulosic biomass. In this study, the influences of the H2O/organic solvent ratio, the type of organic solvents, the addition of NaCl, and the type and concentration of catalysts on the catalytic conversion of cellulose into HMF in biphasic systems were comprehensively studied, and the highest HMF yield of 45.7% was obtained from cellulose in the H2O–tetrahydrofuran (THF) biphasic system with Al2(SO4)3 as the catalyst. Further investigation reveals that the excellent performance of the H2O–THF–Al2(SO4)3 reaction system was ascribed to the high V org/V aque (60/1), high C[Al2(SO4)3]aque (0.38 g/mL), and low C[Al2(SO4)3]org (10–4 g/mL) of the reaction system. Moreover, the byproduct formed during the conversion of cellulose in the H2O–THF–Al2(SO4)3 reaction system was characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and LC–MS2 to detect considerable initial polymers. One plausible mechanism of glucose conversion in the H2O–THF biphasic system was proposed based on the detected compounds.

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“…The metal salt Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 was hydrolyzed to provide the Lewis acidic species [Al(OH) x (H 2 O) y ] n + and the Brønsted acidic H + that was responsible for cellulose conversion. By using a similar strategy, Xiao et al 52 reported the conversion of ball-milled microcrystalline cellulose to MeLev in ∼65% yield at a slightly lower temperature of 160 °C. The ball milling pretreatment significantly reduced the crystallinity of cellulose, allowing efficient conversion under mild conditions.…”

Section: Alkyl Levulinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the chemical valorization of cellulose and its derivatives into ester compounds

Luo

Huang

2022

Green Chem.

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Ball milling for cellulose depolymerization and alcoholysis to produce methyl levulinate at mild temperature

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Structure–property–degradability relationships of varisized lignocellulosic biomass induced by ball milling on enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholysis

Structure–property–degradability relationships of varisized lignocellulosic biomass induced by ball milling on enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholysis

Conversion of Cellulose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in a Biphasic System Catalyzed by Aluminum Sulfate and Byproduct Characterization

Recent advances in the chemical valorization of cellulose and its derivatives into ester compounds

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