Ball-milling with a fluid: A powerful means for new syntheses

Cu3P Binary Phosphide: Synthesis via a Wet Mechanochemical Method and Electrochemical Behavior as Negative Electrode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Mechanochemical synthesis (high energy ball milling) starts to become more and more popular as synthesis method for active materials within the field of lithium‐ion battery and beyond 32–34. The forces created during the milling process result in the continuous welding and cleavage of the powders while the presence of a liquid mediator, n‐dodecane in the present case, prevents the binding of the powder to the milling tools.…”

“…[32][33][34] The forces created during the milling process result in the continuous welding and cleavage of the powders while the presence of a liquid mediator, n-dodecane in the present case, prevents the binding of the powder to the milling tools. This also allows an easier powder recovery with a higher yield.…”

Solid-state synthesis of monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle based ferrofluid suitable for magnetic resonance imaging contrast application

“…Besides, solid-state synthesis is particularly suitable for large-scale production because of its simplicity and low cost. Although synthesis of maghemite nanoparticles with an average diameter of 15 nm was reported by high energy ball-milling with iron powder and water [19], at least 48 h was needed for the milling process and the product was severely aggregated. Direct phase transformation from haematite to maghemite is possible by grinding in ethanol medium [20], but the product is normally a mixture of haematite and maghemite phases.…”

“…In this paper, we report on the synthesis of maghemite nanoparticles with a mean diameter down to 2.7 nm by using a new mechanochemical method. Here ferric/ferrous hydrate chlorides were used as reactants instead of metallic iron powder, haematite powder, and anhydrous ferric/ferrous chlorides normally used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles [19][20][21]. With this method, a high yield can be achieved with a milling time as short as only 1 h. The MIONs we synthesized have a narrow particle size distribution and can be readily dispersed into ferrofluid for MRI application.…”

Contamination in wet-ball milling

“…Milling fluids are always liquids, whereas PCAs can be both solids and liquids. Typically, a milling fluid is added in larger quantities, and specifically for the purposes of temperature control and mechanical shocks and oxygen uptake reduction [4]. From the viewpoint of contamination; however, a distinction between PCA and milling fluid becomes less important, as both can contribute to contamination.…”