Ball temperatures during mechanical alloying in planetary mills

Kwon, Young-Soon; Gerasimov, Konstantin B.; Yoon, Seokhoon

doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00512-1

Cited by 116 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The grinding stock acts as a heat sink as the energy is dissipated in more material and the average temperature of the milling bed is lower. Furthermore, the convection of heat from the milling balls to the milling beaker wall is improved if a grinding stock is loaded, as the main mechanism for heat transfer between a moving ball and the wall is forced convection [5]. As observed for the variation of U MB (see Fig.…”

Section: Influence Of the Grinding Stock Filling Degreementioning

confidence: 78%

“…During ball milling, up to 80 % of the energy that is generated in the mill is dissipated as heat [5]. This is why measurement and control of the temperature in the ball mills is important, for example, if heat-sensitive products are formed that would be degraded, or side reactions that would be favored at high temperatures [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McKissic et al observed a temperature of 50°C after 1 h milling in a Spex mixer mill and Takacs and McHenry reported milling ball temperatures of 66°C [12,13]. Comparably higher temperatures can be reached in planetary ball mills (PBMs), where temperatures from 60 to 600°C can be measured, depending on the type of PBM, the grinding stock, the grinding material and the filling degree [5,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the temperature on the surface is not necessarily the temperature inside the milling beaker, and a temperature difference between milling beaker and balls of 25 K was reported [13]. For determination of the milling ballś temperature, calorimetric measurements can be performed [5,13]. The Lamaty group developed a mathematical model for the prediction of the milling wall´s temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One option is the integration of milling pauses to the milling cycle that allow a cooling down of the milling beakers, but also increase the total reaction time [10,17,18]. Technical solutions for a temperature-controlled milling are: cryogenic milling, where the beakers are cooled with liquid nitrogen [19]; water cooling of the vessels [5] and of the milling beaker holder [20]; (forced) air cooling [21]; use of heating tapes [22]; the application of double-walled milling beakers, which are equipped with an inlet and outlet for a circulating liquid that can be tempered by a thermostat [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

2016

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The influence of the operating frequency, the milling ball and grinding stock filling degree, the material of the milling balls and beakers, the milling ball diameter and the size of the milling beakers on the temperature increase inside the milling beakers in a mixer ball mill was investigated. These parameters influence the temperature progression and the equilibrium temperature of the system. The grinding stock filling degree with regard to the void volume in the milling ball package showed huge influence on the heating rate and the equilibrium temperature. In this context, the behavior of the temperature progression changes if the complete void volume is filled with the grinding stock.

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Section: Influence Of the Grinding Stock Filling Degreementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

2016

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Energy Transfer by Mechanical Alloying and Electrocatalytic Performance of the As‐Sintered Self‐Supported High‐Entropy Alloy FeNiCoCuMo

Jimenez‐Arevalo,

Martin,

Pio

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Efficient, stable, and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for clean energy generation through water splitting. This study presents a FeNiCoCuMo high‐entropy alloy (HEA) synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA) and sintering using hot‐pressing. The energy transfer from the milling process influences phase transformations, with the High‐Entropy Alloys Prediction Software (HEAPS) predicting the formation of an FCC phase. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy reveal an FCC phase after 150 h of milling, with no elemental segregation observed. The Burgio kinetic model estimates 448 kJ mol−1 is needed to achieve a 99% FCC phase. The crystallite size is 4 nm, with a lattice parameter of 0.371 nm. The as‐milled phases were preserved during hot‐pressing sintering. Electrodes (M1, M2, M3) fabricated from the HEA demonstrated high electrocatalytic efficiency, with an average overpotential of 380 mV and Tafel slope of 77 mV dec−1. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the electrodes maintained operation for up to 100 h. The synergy between constituent elements is key to the superior electrocatalytic performance of FeNiCoCuMo HEAs, demonstrating their potential as promising materials for OER electrocatalysis.

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Controlled Growth Lateral/Vertical Heterostructure Interface for Lithium Storage

Wang,

Li,

Yao

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Artificial heterostructures with structural advancements and customizable electronic interfaces are fundamental for achieving high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we propose a design idea for a covalently bonded lateral/vertical black phosphorus (BP)‐graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) heterostructure achieved through a facile ball‐milling approach. Lateral heterogeneity is realized by the sp2‐hybridized mode P‐C bonds, which connects the phosphorus atoms at the edges of BP with the carbon atoms of the terminal acetylene in GDYO. The vertical connection of the heterojunction of BP and GDYO is connected by P‐O‐C bond. Experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that BP‐GDYO incorporates interfacial and structural engineering features, including built‐in electric fields, chemical bond interactions, and maximized nanospace confinement effects. Therefore, BP‐GDYO exhibits improved electrochemical kinetics and enhanced structural stability. Moreover, through ex‐ and in‐situ studies, we clarified the lithiation mechanism of BP‐GDYO, highlighting that the introduction of GDYO inhibits the shuttle/dissolution effect of phosphorus intermediates, hinders volume expansion, provides more reactive sites, and ultimately promotes reversible lithium storage. The BP‐GDYO anode exhibits lithium storage performance with high‐rate capacity and long‐cycle stability (602.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1). The proposed interfacial and structural engineering are universal and represents a conceptual advance in building high‐performance LIBs electrode.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Ball temperatures during mechanical alloying in planetary mills

Cited by 116 publications

References 23 publications

Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

Energy Transfer by Mechanical Alloying and Electrocatalytic Performance of the As‐Sintered Self‐Supported High‐Entropy Alloy FeNiCoCuMo

Controlled Growth Lateral/Vertical Heterostructure Interface for Lithium Storage

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