Ballan wrasse (<i>Labrus bergylta Ascanius)</i> is not susceptible to pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 2 and 3

Røsæg, Magnus Vikan; Sindre, Hilde; Persson, David; Breck, Olav; Knappskog, Dag; Olsen, Anne Berit; Taksdal, T

doi:10.1111/jfd.12572

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Atlantic salmon were also shown to be susceptible to NNV in challenge studies (Korsnes et al 2005), but in previous studies, infected lumpfish showed no signs of histopathology or nervous behaviour, suggesting the virus in lumpfish may be undetectable but may be transmissible (Toffan et al 2019) reinforcing the concern that lumpfish could potentially be a vector for disease, including CLuV. Other salmonid viruses, such as SAV or ISA, have not yet been detected in lumpfish, but they have been reported in other wild fish vectors such as herring (Nylund et al 2002), wrasse (Røsaeg et al 2017), andflatfish (McCleary et al 2014). In this study we did not detect CLuV by culture and failed to detect any evidence of any other RNA or DNA viruses by RT-PCR and PCR respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish

Edwards

Bignell

Papadopoulou

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists

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Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and are often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities in consignments of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) imported from Norway. Following suspicion of infection with Cyclopterus lumpus virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided presumptive confirmation of a CLuV infection using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR). Affected fish were later resampled by the Centre of Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Fish Health Inspectorate for screening of CLuV by RT-rPCR, and confirmation by conventional RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Additional samples were tested using isolation of viruses on cell cultures, bacteriology, histopathology, and PCR/rPCR techniques to investigate whether other pathogens of concern to the salmon aquaculture industry were also present. All samples tested negative for the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus , nervous necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus , infectious salmon anaemia virus , ranavirus, and salmonid alphavirus. Four pools of ten samples tested positive by RT-rPCR for CLuV (Ct values between 19 and 29) and was confirmed using conventional RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that amplicons shared a 99.63 % match with the published sequences for CLuV. The CLuV has only recently been reported in aquatic animals and its full impact is not yet known. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CLuV in England.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish

Edwards

Bignell

Papadopoulou

et al. 2022

Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists

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“…Trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method, and 1000 bootstrap replicates were performed for each analysis to assess the reliability of the tree construction [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] Table 1, based on a 423-bp sequence of the nsP3 gene. Trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining method, and 1000 bootstrap replicates were performed for each analysis to assess the reliability of the tree construction [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] and cohabitation (Røsaeg et al, 2017) indicated that they were not susceptible to infection. This would appear to be in contrast to the findings in this report, or it may reflect the fact that SAV6 is more divergent to SAV2 and SAV3 and may in fact be a wild marine variant of the virus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atlantic salmon have been shown to be susceptible to VNN virus following intraperitoneal (ip) injection of infected tissue homogenate from Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) (Korsnes, Devold, Nerland, & Nylund, ), but there have been no reports of natural outbreaks of VNN in farmed Atlantic salmon. A study on the susceptibility of ballan wrasse to SAV2 and SAV3 by ip injection and cohabitation (Røsaeg et al., ) indicated that they were not susceptible to infection. This would appear to be in contrast to the findings in this report, or it may reflect the fact that SAV6 is more divergent to SAV2 and SAV3 and may in fact be a wild marine variant of the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of salmonid alphavirus subtype 6 from wild‐caught ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Ascanius)

Ruane

Swords

Morrissey

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The use of cleaner fish as a biological control for sea lice in Atlantic salmon aquaculture has increased in recent years. Wild-caught wrasse are commonly used as cleaner fish in Europe. In Ireland, samples of wrasse from each fishing area are screened for potential pathogens prior to their deployment into sea cages. Salmonid alphavirus was isolated from a pooled sample of ballan wrasse, showing no signs of disease, caught from the NW of Ireland. Partial sequencing of the E2 and nsP3 genes showed that it was closely related to the previously reported SAV subtype 6. This represents only the second isolation of this subtype and the first from a wild fish species, namely ballan wrasse.

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“…SAV has been reported from both wild-caught wrasse and wrasse in sea cages during an outbreak of PD in the cohabitated salmon, but the fish did not show any signs of pathology associated with the disease (Ruane et al, 2018;Scholz et al, 2018a;Hjeltnes et al, 2019). Different challenge experiments have also given similar results, where challenged wrasse did not develop disease signs (Treasurer, 2012;Røsaeg et al, 2017). However, there is a risk that cleaner fish might serve as non-affected mechanical vectors/vehicles for transmitting the virus to susceptible species, such as the salmon (Olsen et al, 2011;VKM et al, 2017).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cleaner fish in aquaculture: review on diseases and vaccination

Erkinharju

Dalmo

Hansen

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Combating and controlling sea lice causes large economic costs for the farmers, with estimated values of more than 305 million euros (€) per year. Increased resistance against traditional chemotherapeutants due to evolutionary drivers in the sea lice combined with the lack of an effective vaccine and few other chemical treatments available are expected to cause these costs to increase. Several possible methods for managing sea lice infestations have been investigated, but only cleaner fish has proven to have an effect on lice levels. Cleaning activity is well known in marine fish and has been observed in the wild as a form of symbiosis between two species: one species, the 'client' fish, seek out the other species, the 'cleaner' fish, to have ectoparasites and dead tissue cleared from its body. The Atlantic lumpfish is a relatively new aquaculture species, and wild-caught mature fish are used as brood stock for farmed production. This poses a biosecurity risk, as wild fish can carry pathogens, and the use of quarantine and health screening is recommended. Vaccine development is unfortunately lagging far behind relatively to the wide spread and high utilisation of the fish. This review contains description of the main pathogens and diseases that affect cleaner fish.

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Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta Ascanius) is not susceptible to pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 2 and 3

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish

First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish

Isolation of salmonid alphavirus subtype 6 from wild‐caught ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Ascanius)

Cleaner fish in aquaculture: review on diseases and vaccination

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