Ballast water as a vector for tintinnid transport

Abstract

Ballast tanks of cargo shlps arriving in Coos Bay, Oregon. USA, from various Japanese ports were sampled from October 1987 to January 1991. A total of 33 tintinnid species from 15 genera were identified from ballast water samples. Live tintinnids were observed on occasion. Many of the species that were observed in these ballast water samples have also been found In the nearby Stralt of Juan d e Fuca, but others have never been reported in the eastern Paciflc. The presence of tintlnnids in ballast water obfuscates any conclusions about the natural distributions of these species. This study suggests that ballast water has been a vector for tintinnid transport for many years, and that ~t may no longer be possible to determine the natlve distributions for many tlntlnnld specles KEY WORDS: Tintinnid Ciliate . Exotic organisms . Ballast water . Biogeography

Ballast water: a review of the impact on the world public health

“…Commercial ships have spread them around the globe, but little is known about the extension and significance of this transference. The global movement of BW creates a dispersal mechanism for worldwide long-distance distribution of human pathogens, which consequently increases the number of waterborne diseases, affecting humans, plants and other animals (35,37). Dis., 2008, 14, 3, p. 396 indicates that the microorganism is capable of surviving in both estuarine and marine waters (28).…”

Arrival rate of nonindigenous insect species into the United States through foreign trade

“…Unfortunately, even general information regarding the arrival rate of nonindigenous plant pest species has been largely limited to rules of thumb derived from invasive plants (Shea and Chesson 2002). With the exception of exotic aquatic organisms associated with ballast water (Hallegraeff and Bolch 1992;Carlton and Geller 1993;Locke et al 1993;Galil and Hulsmann 1997;Pierce et al 1997;Hulsmann and Galil 2001;Gollasch 2002;Leppakoski et al 2002), there have been few opportunities to quantify arrival rates of nonindigenous species within specific pathways of invasion associated with cargo and foreign trade (Williamson 1996;Shea and Chesson 2002).…”

Reflections on the ballast water dispersal—harmful algal bloom paradigm

“…The delivery of other microbial loop components is expected to be enormous, given the huge ballast volumes captured and delivered, including viruses, algicidic bacteria, and microbial loop grazers such as protoperidinians, ciliates and other protistans (Hallegraeff and Bolch, 1992;Pierce et al, 1997;Galil and Hülsmann, 1997). These inoculations undoubtedly affect HAB population dynamics, and one can even visualize a situation in which a virus or algicidic bacterium attacks a member of the indigenous community, reducing its competitive ability which then provides a previously out-competed cryptic species with the opportunity to bloom.…”