Ballistic-phonon heat conduction at the nanoscale as revealed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction and time-domain thermoreflectance

Highland, Matthew J.; Gundrum, Bryan; Koh, Yee Kan; Averback, Robert S; Cahill, David G.; Elarde, V.C.; Coleman, J. J.; Walko, Donald A.; Landahl, Eric C.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.075337

Cited by 63 publications

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“…Whether this assumption is justified in nanoscale thermal transport problems has long been controversial 18 , but it is particularly suspect in experiments where a significant fraction of heat-carrying phonons are ballistic. Despite this, experiments that cannot be explained using a radiative boundary condition for heat transfer at the interface are rare 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, no single length scale describes the transition from diffusive to ballistic thermal transport. Instead, as length scales in a thermal transport problem decrease, Fourier theory has diminishing predictive power [3][4][5][6][7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The breakdown of Fourier theory at small length scales has implications for nanoelectronics 8 and nanostructured thermoelectric devices 9 and has received a great deal of recent attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14] . For example, deviations between Fourier theory predictions and experimental data have been reported to depend on (1) the width of the nickel heater lines in nanofabricated Ni/sapphire samples 7 , (2) the diameter of the heating pump laser beam, 2w 0 , in time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements of bulk Si between 30 and 100 K (ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments

2014

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The applicability of Fourier's law to heat transfer problems relies on the assumption that heat carriers have mean free paths smaller than important length scales of the temperature profile. This assumption is not generally valid in nanoscale thermal transport problems where spacing between boundaries is small (o1 mm), and temperature gradients vary rapidly in space. Here we study the limits to Fourier theory for analysing three-dimensional heat transfer problems in systems with an interface. We characterize the relationship between the failure of Fourier theory, phonon mean free paths, important length scales of the temperature profile and interfacial-phonon scattering by time-domain thermoreflectance experiments on Si, Si 0.99 Ge 0.01 , boron-doped Si and MgO crystals. The failure of Fourier theory causes anisotropic thermal transport. In situations where Fourier theory fails, a simple radiative boundary condition on the heat diffusion equation cannot adequately describe interfacial thermal transport.

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Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments

2014

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“…The study of thermal transport at microscopic distances [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] is largely stimulated by practical needs such as thermal management of microelectronic devices [2], but it also poses a number of fundamental physics problems. In dielectrics and semiconductors heat is carried predominantly by phonons, and the relationship between the phonon mean free path (MFP) and a characteristic length scale determines whether the thermal transport is diffusive or ballistic.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For a persuasive demonstration and to enable theoretical analysis beyond the diffusion model, an experiment should preferably (i) avoid interfaces, (ii) ensure one-dimensional thermal transport, and (iii) clearly define the distance of the heat transfer and provide a way to vary this distance in a controllable manner. Experiments revealing nondiffusive transport on submicron length scales [3][4][5] were done with more complicated configurations involving heat transport from an irradiated film into a substrate, with the effective…”

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Direct Measurement of Room-Temperature Nondiffusive Thermal Transport Over Micron Distances in a Silicon Membrane

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Structure and Nonequilibrium Heat‐Transfer of a Physisorbed Molecular Layer on Graphene

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Wenderoth

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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The structure of a physisorbed sub-monolayer of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) on epitaxial graphene is investigated by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Additionally, non-equilibrium heat-transfer between bpe and the surface is studied by Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction. Bpe arranges in an oblique unit cell which is not commensurate with the substrate. Six different rotational and/or mirror domains, in which the molecular unit cell is rotated by 28±0.1 with respect to the graphene surface, are identified. The molecules are weakly physisorbed, as evidenced by the fact that they readily desorb at room temperature. At liquid nitrogen temperature, however, the layers are stable and time-resolved experiments can be performed. The temperature changes of the molecules and the surface can be measured independently through the Debye-Waller factor of their individual diffraction features. Thus, the heat flow between bpe and the surface can be monitored on a picosecond timescale. The time-resolved measurements, in combination with model simulations, show the existence of three relevant thermal barriers between the different layers. The thermal boundary resistance between the molecular layer and graphene was found to be 2±1•10-8 K m 2 W-1. Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff)) Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))

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Ballistic-phonon heat conduction at the nanoscale as revealed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction and time-domain thermoreflectance

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments

Anisotropic failure of Fourier theory in time-domain thermoreflectance experiments

Direct Measurement of Room-Temperature Nondiffusive Thermal Transport Over Micron Distances in a Silicon Membrane

Structure and Nonequilibrium Heat‐Transfer of a Physisorbed Molecular Layer on Graphene

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