Bamboo lignocellulose degradation by gut symbiotic microbiota of the bamboo snout beetle Cyrtotrachelus buqueti

Abstract

Background Gut symbiotic microbiota plays a critical role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption. The bamboo snout beetle, Cyrtotrachelus buqueti , a common pest of several bamboo species, exhibits high lignocellulolytic enzyme activity and contains various CAZyme genes. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of the snout beetle on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of C . buqueti on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. Results Gut symbiotic microbiota of female (CCJ), male (XCJ), and larvae (YCJ) beetles was used to treat bamboo shoot particles (BSPs) in vitro for 6 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant destruction of the lignocellulose structure after treatment, which was consistent with the degradation efficiencies of CCJ, XCJ, and YCJ for cellulose (21.11%, 17.58% and 18.74%, respectively); hemicellulose (22.22%, 27.18% and 34.20%, respectively); and lignin (19.83%, 24.30% and 32.97%, respectively). Gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae beetles was then identified using 16sRNA sequencing, which revealed that four microbes: Lactococcus , Serratia , Dysgonomonas and Enterococcus , comprise approximately 84% to 94% of the microbiota. Moreover, the genomes of 45 Lactococcus , 72 Serratia , 86 Enterococcus and 4 Dysgonomonas microbes were used to analyse resident CAZyme genes. These results indicated that gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae C . buqueti is involved in the lignocellulose degradation traits shown by the host. Conclusions This study shows that the gut symbiotic microbiota of C . buqueti participates in bamboo lignocellulose degradation, providing innovative findings for bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion. Furthermore, the results of this study will allow us to further isolate lignocellulose-degrading microbiota for use in bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-019-1411-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome sequencing of gut symbiotic Bacillus velezensis LC1 for bioethanol production from bamboo shoots

“…However, lignocellulose-degrading abilities have not been completely verified in B. velezensis [12]. B. velezensis LC1, isolated from the intestine of C. buqueti, which was reported to be a microflora with lignocellulose-degrading ability, was prepared in a bamboo shoot powder (BSP) degradation assay [17]. We first determined the cellulose degradation efficiency to be 39.32% (Fig.…”

“…To obtain fermentable sugar from bamboo shoots, B. velezensis LC1 was used to degrade the bamboo shoot powder (BSP), which was prepared as described by Luo et al [17]. B. velezensis LC1 was cultured in liquid medium at a pH of 7.2, temperature of 37 °C and 200 rpm for 6 days.…”

“…In the present study, we isolated an endophytic bacteria from the gut of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti that showed a bamboo lignocellulose-degrading ability [17] and sequenced the whole genome of the bacteria B. velezensis LC1, determined the cellulase activities and analysed the ethanol production of bamboo shoot. CAZy genes involved in degradation of lignocellulose were identified through genomic analysis.…”

Succession of Gut Microbial Structure in Twin Giant Pandas During the Dietary Change Stage and Its Role in Polysaccharide Metabolism

“…Both cellulases and hemicellulases are multi-enzyme systems (Zhang et al, 2019). Microorganisms can degrade cellulose while degrading small amounts of hemicellulose and that the biodegradation of hemicellulose by microbes is usually accompanied by cellulose degradation (Du et al, 2019;Luo et al, 2019). Changes in the structure of polysaccharide-metabolizing microbes and their functional genes with high-throughput sequencing may more clearly and systematically reflect microbial potential for degradation of different polysaccharides in panda (Hess et al, 2011;Berlemont et al, 2020), although these studies have so far failed to present a unified statement with different sampling techniques and analytical methods.…”

Development and application of aerobic, chemically defined media forDysgonomonas

“…Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of Dysgonomonas are prevalent in insect associations, such as honeybee [14], dipteran flies [15][16][17][18], including several Drosophila species [19][20][21], beetles [22][23][24][25][26], and several life stages of three major mosquito genera, Culex [27,28], Aedes [29,30] and Anopheles [31,32]. Dysgonomonas-derived 16S rRNA gene sequences are routinely observed associated with xylophagous cockroaches [33][34][35][36][37][38] and as ectosymbionts of nematodes living in the cockroach digestive system [39], as well as in the hindguts of phylogenetically related termites [40][41][42][43][44].…”