Bamboo Particles-Polyvinyl Chloride Composites: Analysis of Particles Size Distribution and Composites Performance

Abstract

Analysis of particles size distribution of Malaysian bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris and Schizostachyum brachycladum) for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites production was conducted using dynamic image analysis (DIA). A wide distribution of bamboo particles length was recorded, varying from almost 0 to 1500-µm for both species. Inadequate amount of actual particles length distribution from each sieve size (75-µm and 1-mm) was also recorded. DIA observed an increase of aspect ratio from small to large particles, and fine particles were recorded to be slightly elongated than the large ones. However, the effects of bamboo particles size on the finished PVC composites performance were uncertain, considerable of numerous other factors that influence the performance. Only impact and water uptake properties of composites have been obviously affected by different particles size. Greater modulus value is observed in composites with high particles loading, though low impact strength and water resistance were recorded. The incorporation of high concentration of selected processing lubricants in the composites formulation helped to improve the impact and water resistance of the composites. Malaysian bamboo particles-PVC composites performance between different species was equivalent, demonstrated that both species displayed identical behaviour for composites production.

Bamboo-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Composites: A Review of Properties, Fabrication, and Potential Applications

“…During the TGA test at temperatures between 40 and 105 °C, there was a change in weight on all samples where the water was evaporated between the matrix and the fibers. According to the author, at temperature ranges of 200–330 °C, 330–356 °C, and 356–450 °C, several phases occur in which the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin occurs [ 94 , 108 , 109 ]. The observations showed that untreated fiber showed a higher percentage of ash residue compared to treated and neat epoxy treatment.…”

Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Single-Cellulosic Bamboo Fiber Strips after Alkali Treatment

“…In tropical areas, especially Asian countries, bamboo is a basic natural resource that plays an important role in people's daily lives and cultures because of its rapid growth, excellent flexibility, high strength, weight ratio, excellent specific strength, and high specific modulus [7,8]. Malaysia has classified bamboo into 59 species, of which 25 species have been introduced, while 34 species are indigenous [9,10]. The strength of bamboo generally increases with the thickening of its fiber walls, and maturity is reached in approximately three years [11,12].…”

“…The literature reveals that NaOH treatment removes the binding materials, depending on the treatment time, concentration of NaOH, treatment temperature, and liquor ratio [3]. Studies on the effect of NaOH treatment on the properties of bamboo fiber have already been performed by researchers, such as Hong et al [27], who studied the tensile properties of individual bamboo fibers by using NaOH solutions with concentrations ranged (6,8,10,15, and 25 wt.%) for 2 h. The bamboos were cut into strips at 30 mm longitudinally and 2 × 2 mm 2 in the cross-section. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decreased for the bamboo strips treated with alkali concentrations that were greater than 8 wt.%.…”

Research progress on bamboo fiber reinforced polymeric composites: Processes, properties, and future directions

“…Untreated BFRPCs exhibited better thermal stability than pure epoxy polymers treated with NaOH. 11,22,37,103 Ultimately, it is evident that factors such as temperature, soaking time, chemical reagent concentration, and material type affect the chemical treatment of BFRPCs, influencing the surface morphology and thermal stability of BFRPCs. To improve the thermal stability of BFRPCs, flame retardant treatment can be added during bamboo fiber processing.…”