Bamboo-shaped carbon tube filled partially with nickel

Formation of bamboo-shape carbon nanotubes by controlled rapid decomposition of picric acid

“…The thickness of the inner dome walls is always thinner than that of the tube walls. This type of bamboo-like tubes is structurally similar to those frequently obtained by other methods [1], [2], [6], [7], [8], [9] and [10]. However, unlike the previous observations of arc-resulted tubes [1] and [2], the dimensions of the different compartment cavities in an individual tube are not always uniform (Fig.…”

“…This suggests that the formation of bamboo-shape tubes is not controlled by the catalyst crystalline structure. Saito et al [1] and [2] proposed that bamboo-shape tubes are formed from "jumps" of the metal particles out of the graphite sheath to the top of the tube at regular time intervals, driven by the stress accumulated in the graphitic sheath. Kovalevski and Safronov [6] further suggested that the bamboo-shape tubes are formed when the moving rate of the catalyst particle is slightly slower than the growing rate of the graphitic shell.…”

“…Recently, carbon nanotubes with special structures such as bamboo-shape [1] and [2], Yjunctions [3], sea urchins [4] and coils [5] have attracted much attention. As the most common member of this family, bamboo-shape CNTs, constructed by many separated hollow compartments, have been frequently investigated to explore their unique structure-associated properties and to understand the relationship between their formation and the growth of normal tubes that exhibit continuous hollow channels.…”

“…Until now, bamboo-shape nanotubes have been fabricated through various processes such as arc-discharge of graphite electrodes [1] and [2], pyrolysis of organometallic compounds [6] and [7], thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [8] and [9], and plasma-enhanced CVD [10], [11], [12] and [13]. Some corresponding growth models have also been proposed [1], [2], [6] and [8].…”

“…Some corresponding growth models have also been proposed [1], [2], [6] and [8]. Saito et al [1] and [2] first observed bamboo-shape CNTs in the products from arc discharge evaporation of nickel-loaded graphite and proposed that they are formed from "jumps" of the metal particles out of the graphite sheath to the top of the tube at regular time intervals, driven by the stress accumulated in the graphitic sheath. Kovalevski and Safronov [6] obtained bamboo-shape CNTs through catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene, benzene and ethylene at temperatures between 1950 and 2600°C with metal salts (chlorides, sulfides or nitrides of Fe, Co and Ni) as catalysts.…”