Band edge modulated conjugated polymers for oxidation prevention

Mahale, Rajashree Y.; Arulkashmir, Arulraj; Dutta, Kingshuk; Krishnamoorthy, Kothandam

doi:10.1039/c2cp23544g

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Among the potential materials that have been investigated over the years, aromatic conducting polymer (ACP)-based matrices have been found to be prospective candidates. 6,7,23 A combination of certain critical advantages, such as (a) low cost, (b) an easy synthetic route, (c) high electronic conductivity, (d) high surface area, (e) better interaction possibility with the catalyst particles due to the presence of heteroatoms, (f) low weight, (g) thermal stability and (h) environmental stability, is enjoyed by ACPs; [24][25][26][27][28][29] which makes them extremely suitable as catalyst supporting materials for DMFCs. The choice of suitable dopants for ACPs is very important, since the presence of dopants is critical in modulating the electronic conductivities of ACPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel nanocatalysts supported on sulfonated polyaniline: potential toward methanol oxidation and as anode materials for DMFCs

2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel nanocatalysts supported on sulfonated polyaniline: potential toward methanol oxidation and as anode materials for DMFCs

2015

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“…Among the four polymers P1 has very close HOMO and LUMO energy with that of the dye (N719) (Figure 1 ). [ 2,23 ] On the other hand, the HOMO and LUMO of all the other polymers are above the energy level of the dye. The other important factor to note is that the HOMO of P1, P2, and P3 are below the redox energy level of iodolyte.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[ 23 ] The band edge calculation has been reported and the same values are used in this research work. The HOMO and LUMO values for all the polymers, TiO 2 and iodolyte energy levels are provided in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band Edge Modulated Polymer Layer to Decrease Back Electron Transfer and Increase Efficiency in Sensitized Solar Cells

Arulkashmir

Sudhakar

Krishnamoorthy

2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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time scale of electron transport from TiO 2 to conducting glass is in milliseconds. [ 7 ] Thus, the increased residence time of the electron in TiO 2 increases the possibility of BeT with the holes in either dyes or electrolyte. In fact, the recombination of electron in TiO 2 with that of the holes in electrolytes has been found to be one of the major causes of decreased DSSC efficiency. Thus, suppression of BeT process is an effective way to improve the DSSC effi ciency. However, the approach should not affect the electron injection from the dyes to the TiO 2 . One of the approaches to suppress the BeT process is the addition of additives in the redox electrolytes. [ 8,9 ] These additives adsorb on the TiO 2 and decrease the BeT. [ 10 ] Modifi cation of TiO 2 by alkyl silane is another approach to suppress the BeT. [11][12][13] Although these approaches increased the effi ciency of DSSC, the improvement is not very high because the layer thickness is not high. The attempt to use longer alkyl chain silanes with an objective of increasing the thickness did not signifi cantly alter the DSSC effi ciency due to the imperfect coverage of the TiO 2 surface. [ 14,15 ] Several inorganic oxide barrier layers such as Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and In 2 O 3 have been explored as barrier layer. [16][17][18][19] These barrier layers were deposited before dye absorption either by chemical bath deposition or by atomic layer deposition. The insulating nature of these layers affects the charge injection process. Furthermore, the energy levels of the barrier layer also affect the electron transfer dynamics. [ 20 ] Organic polymers have been coated on top of TiO 2 in solid state dye sensitized solar cells with a different objective. An ion-ligating polymer with different ionization potential has been used to facilitate cascade electron transport. [ 21 ] Photo electropolymerized PEDOT was used as hole transport layer in a solid state dye sensitized solar cell without any other electrolyte. The effi ciencies of these cells were 5.6%. [ 22 ] Considering this, a barrier layer that does not affect electron transfer from LUMO of the dye to TiO 2 and electrolyte to the HOMO of the dye is desirable. It will be an added advantage, if the layer is prepared by solution process. Toward this objective, we have used semiconducting polymers with commensurate band edges to retard the BeT process ( Figure 1 a). The polymers with the structures shown in Figure 1 b were tested and found out that a polymer with a HOMO and LUMO levels at −5.8 and −3.1 eV, respectively, can improve the DSSC effi ciency by 22%. The effi ciency Recombination of charges residing in the TiO 2 and redox electrolyte is one of the factors affecting the effi ciency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To circumvent this recombination, inorganic oxide barrier layers and organic silanes have been coated on TiO 2 /dyes. Due to the insulating nature of these layers, the effi ciency increase is not very impressive. Conducting polymers with different band edges are used to suppress the cha...

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“…[116] SPAni is an aromatic conductive polymer (ACP)-based matrix created by partial sulfonation of polyaniline with chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) that could have properties, such as high surface area and electronic conductivity, low weight, better interaction of their heteroatoms with catalyst particles, and environmental and thermal stability. [181][182][183][184][185][186] With nickel nanoparticles as the metal being supported, the catalyst exhibited high mass specific current densities due to enhanced dispersion of active sites. Improved stability was also observed for Ni/SPAni catalyst that could be described by the presence of -SO 3 H groups that increased the support's proton uptake capacity to further aid the catalyst against poisonous species.…”

Section: Conductive Polymer Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive and critical review on recent progress in anode catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction

2020

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The synthesis of anode electrocatalyst with high activity and durability for methanol oxidation reaction has been one of the main focuses of researchers in recent years. Several works are reviewed in this paper to summarize and compare the performance of electrocatalysts comprising of noble and non-noble metals. The effect of manipulating catalysts by introducing nanostructured morphology, metal alloys, support materials, acidic or basic electrolyte, and synthesis methods are also examined. The paper finally concludes with details of challenges that are generally faced in making direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) a reliable source of energy for future prospects, and the approach to be taken to reduce the complexity in synthesizing new generations of anode electrocatalysts.

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Band edge modulated conjugated polymers for oxidation prevention

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Nickel nanocatalysts supported on sulfonated polyaniline: potential toward methanol oxidation and as anode materials for DMFCs

Nickel nanocatalysts supported on sulfonated polyaniline: potential toward methanol oxidation and as anode materials for DMFCs

Band Edge Modulated Polymer Layer to Decrease Back Electron Transfer and Increase Efficiency in Sensitized Solar Cells

A comprehensive and critical review on recent progress in anode catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction

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