Measurement of the two dimensional angular correlation of the electron-positron annihilation radiation (2D-ACAR) complemented with ab-initio calculations can provide decisive information about the character of the f-electrons in rare earth compounds and are the prerequisite to the study of electron correlations. We provide examples of systems where good approximations of the archetype f-electron localized and f-electron itinerant behaviours, apply. i) In the case of the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion and superconductor CeIn3 the multisheet Fermi Surface (FS), reconstructed from our measurements in the paramagnetic phase, agrees closely with the predictions of band structure calculations regarding the Ce 4f electrons as fully localized. ii) On the other hand, our studies of the antiferromagnet actinide based UGa3 in the paramagnetic phase, compared with calculations which include the effects due to the non uniform positron density and the electron-positron correlations, produce a substantial evidence that an unconstrained 5f-electron itinerant description applies.1 Introduction The degree of localization of the f electrons is closely related to the unusual thermodynamic properties displayed by heavy fermions and, in general, to the variety of magnetic structures shown by rare earth based compounds. In a band view description of the electronic states, localization can be addressed as an increase of the time spent by one electron in proximity of the ionic centers, thus making energetically unfavorable the presence of another electron in the surrounding. Therefore, the experimental study of the f electrons localization is the first approach to the treatment of correlation effects in rare earths.For several 4f based systems the interpretation of experiments aimed at determining the Fermi surface and the magnetic properties was consistent with the hypothesis of the localization of the f electrons. However, in order to explain the thermodynamic and transport properties observed in some heavy fermion systems, it was proposed the appearance, at temperatures lower than the so called coherence temperature (somehow equivalent to the Kondo temperature in magnetic impurities), of very narrow bands. These bands, characterized by high f electron character, should be responsible of a high density of states at the Fermi level and account for the high value of the Sommerfeld coefficient (γ constant) and the cyclotron masses observed [1,2]. Since the energy scale of this novel state, denoted as Kondo lattice, is thousand times smaller than the Fermi energy, its effects are somehow precluded to the practical reach of ab initio codes based on density functional theory (DFT). Consequently, due to the lack of sufficient precision of self consistent and parameter free theories, the itinerancy or localization of the 4f electrons in heavy fermion systems is still a strongly debated argument [3].Concerning the character of 5f electrons in actinides, the general consensus assumes itinerancy in the low Z part of the period (Z ≤ 92) and local...