“…It is an advantage of microdata analysis that we can overcome an identification problem. In contrast, time series analysis using macrodata potentially suffers from identification problems (e.g., Romer and Romer, 1990;Bernanke and Blinder, 1992;Kashyap et al, 1993;Hoshi et al, 1993a;Ueda, 1993;Hosono, 1995;Ramey, 1993;Hatakeda, 1997Hatakeda, , 2000Miyagawa and Ishihara, 1997). …”