“…The mis-selling of personal pensions alone, for example, has prompted the payment of over £10 billion in redress (McConnell and Blacker, 2012;Nobles and Black, 1998). Since 2005, industry regulators, including the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA) and the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), have been dealing with the fallout from the mis-selling of payment protection insurance (PPI), covering a variety of products and services such as mortgage insurance, secured/unsecured loan insurance, endowment policies, pet insurance and pension protections (Ballantine et al, 2018;BBC, 2013;Ferran, 2012). In an effort to secure redress and restore confidence in the system, regulators imposed fines and penalties on many financial services firms, banks and general insurance firms, and ordered them to pay compensation to customers who purchased PPI between 1990 and 2010, before the deadline of August 19th, 2019 (Halan et al, 2014;Hosking & Martin, 2019).…”