Barium Gallogermanate Glass Ceramics for Infrared Applications

Tang, Bin; Yang, Yi; Fan, Yong; Zhang, Long

doi:10.1016/s1005-0302(10)60085-0

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Up to now, various glass hosts have been investigated for mid-infrared applications, including germanate, tellurite, bismuthate and fluorophoshate glasses14151617. Germanate glass, especially barium gallogermanate glass, has been of great interest due to the excellent combination of the infrared transparency, thermal stability, chemical durability and availability in large-size and complex shaping18. In addition, compared with silicate, borate or phosphate glasses, barium gallogermanate glass has a relatively low maximum phonon energy (800 ~ 900 cm −1 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared fluorescence, energy transfer process and rate equation analysis in Er3+ doped germanate glass

Wei

Chen

Cai

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Er3+ doped Y2O3 and Nb2O5 modified germanate glasses with different Er3+ concentrations were prepared. J-O intensity parameters were computed to estimate the structural changes due to the additions of Y2O3 and Nb2O5. The main mid-infrared spectroscopic features were investigated. To shed light on the observed mid-infrared radiative behavior, 975 nm and 1.53 μm emission spectra along with their decay lifetimes were also discussed. Moreover, the energy transfer processes of 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 level were quantitatively analyzed. In view of the experimental lifetimes, the simplified rate equation was utilized to calculate the energy transfer upconversion processes of upper and lower laser level of 2.7 μm emission. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the observed 2.7 μm fluorescence phenomena. Finally, the stimulated emission and gain cross sections were calculated and the results indicate that Er3+ doped germanate glasses have great potential for mid-infrared application.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared fluorescence, energy transfer process and rate equation analysis in Er3+ doped germanate glass

Wei

Chen

Cai

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…Glass ceramics meeting these requirements have thus far been produced only in a few oxide systems, notably Al-(La, Gd, Y)-Zr-O (grain size~100 nm) [12] and Ba-Al-O (grain size 500-5000 nm) [13]. One oxide system previously investigated specifically for use as a bulk ceramic window for the midwave infrared (MWIR, 3-5 μm) is based on Ba-Ga-Ge-O glasses [5] containing a small volume fraction of BaGe 4 O 9 crystals [4]. Many other glass ceramic oxides are commercially important, but these generally consist of a glassy matrix embedded with a low to medium volume fraction (b40%) of b100 nm crystals.…”

Section: Previous Work On Ir Glass-ceramic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, glass ceramics that have crystallized fully should provide the best hardness and fracture toughness. Various applications have been proposed for infrared-transmitting glass ceramics including bulk optical elements [4,5], far-infrared transmitting optical fibers [6], devices utilizing nonlinear optical behavior [7,8], and inorganic scintillators for high energy detectors [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared-transparent glass ceramics: An exploratory study

McCloy

Riley

Pierce

2015

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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a b s t r a c tIn this work, the vision and need for a fully ceramized long-wave infrared (LWIR)-transmitting glass ceramic have been articulated. Three sulfide systems were explored including two with La 2 S 3 in hopes of imparting strong bonds from this refractory sulfide, and two containing GeS 2 in hopes of widening the glass-forming region. Attempts were made to produce glasses in the Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 -(ZnS,CaS) system, the GeS 2 -La 2 S 3 system, and the GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -CdS system. Water quenching produced glasses of Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 -CaS and GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -CdS. Microstructural and thermal analyses were used to explore nucleation and growth in these systems and infrared transmission and mechanical hardness showed potential for LWIR window use. The GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -CdS system showed good LWIR transmission and pre-crystallized hardness superior to chemical vapor deposited ZnS. The Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 glasses did not appear to be viable candidates at this time due to a small temperature window between crystallization and glass transition temperatures and problems with oxygen contamination in the La 2 S 3 source. Suggestions are made for two alternative methods for producing fully ceramized LWIR-transmitting glass ceramics.

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“…Infrared optical systems, including thermal imaging devices and night vision cameras, are gaining more attention in the optical fields [ 1 , 2 ]. Crystalline infrared materials such as single-crystal germanium (Ge) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) have been used and primarily fabricated by single point diamond turning (SPDT) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) in past decades, though they are rare and expensive [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Precision Glass Molding of Chalcogenide Glass (ChG) for Infrared Optics

et al. 2018

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Chalcogenide glass (ChG) is increasingly demanded in infrared optical systems owing to its excellent infrared optical properties. ChG infrared optics including ChG aspherical and freeform optics are mainly fabricated using the single point diamond turning (SPDT) technique, which is characterized by high cost and low efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the ChG infrared optics fabrication technique through precision glass molding (PGM). It introduces the thermo-mechanical properties of ChG and models the elastic-viscoplasticity constitutive of ChG. The forming accuracy and surface defects of the formed ChG are discussed, and the countermeasures to improve the optics quality are also reviewed. Moreover, the latest advancements in ChG precision molding are detailed, including the aspherical lens molding process, the ChG freeform optics molding process, and some new improvements in PGM.

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Barium Gallogermanate Glass Ceramics for Infrared Applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Mid-infrared fluorescence, energy transfer process and rate equation analysis in Er3+ doped germanate glass

Mid-infrared fluorescence, energy transfer process and rate equation analysis in Er3+ doped germanate glass

Infrared-transparent glass ceramics: An exploratory study

A Review of the Precision Glass Molding of Chalcogenide Glass (ChG) for Infrared Optics

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