2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0048697
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Barium titanate-based thermistors: Past achievements, state of the art, and future perspectives

Abstract: Barium titanate materials displaying a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity are ubiquitously employed as thermistors in electrical current and voltage control systems, as well as in gas and thermal sensing applications. The positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect is widely accepted to be a grain boundary-based phenomenon, although detailed studies on grain boundary structure and chemistry, and their influence on the resulting electrical properties, are seriously lacking. Tailoring of … Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…16 State-of-the-art thermistors are fabricated from barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), which demonstrates PTC behavior or NTC behavior depending on the nature and concentration of the dopants. 17 However, multiple challenges arise from size effects that inhibit miniaturization of BaTiO 3 thermistors, including compositional inhomogeneity and reduced operational lifetimes. 18 In addition, issues such as contact resistance, inhomogeneous heating, 19−21 and delamination fracture 21,22 arise in practical device applications, rendering BaTiO 3 unsuitable for further thermistor miniaturization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…16 State-of-the-art thermistors are fabricated from barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), which demonstrates PTC behavior or NTC behavior depending on the nature and concentration of the dopants. 17 However, multiple challenges arise from size effects that inhibit miniaturization of BaTiO 3 thermistors, including compositional inhomogeneity and reduced operational lifetimes. 18 In addition, issues such as contact resistance, inhomogeneous heating, 19−21 and delamination fracture 21,22 arise in practical device applications, rendering BaTiO 3 unsuitable for further thermistor miniaturization.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PTC thermistors are typically composed of conductive metals or doped ceramics, while NTC thermistors are based on transition metal oxide ceramics that exhibit semiconducting behavior . State-of-the-art thermistors are fabricated from barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), which demonstrates PTC behavior or NTC behavior depending on the nature and concentration of the dopants . However, multiple challenges arise from size effects that inhibit miniaturization of BaTiO 3 thermistors, including compositional inhomogeneity and reduced operational lifetimes .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most electric heaters are based on the PTCR BaTiO 3 effect [ 12 ]. The PTCR effect has built-in protection against overheating: the resistivity of the PTCR material increases by several orders of magnitude near the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature (commonly referred to as the Curie temperature TC), which reduces the conductivity and, in turn, the heating current and power by orders of magnitude [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Accordingly, the PTCR heater does not heat up more than TC during normal operation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These materials have been extensively researched and designed as potential solutions to effectively mitigate the occurrence of TR in LIBs [1,5]. The PTCR effect is characterized by a significant nonlinear increase in resistance [20] at a certain temperature point or within a very narrow temperature range as the temperature increases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the composite polymers, the PTCR effect stems from the glass transformation of the polymer matrix. This transformation leads to a volume expansion of the polymer matrix, causing the conductive path of conductive particles (acting as filler) to be disrupted [7,20]. It is expected that the resistance of the composite polymer coated on the cathode will rise rapidly to turn off the LIB before the early stage of thermal runaway.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%