Barium titanate/epoxy resin composite nanodielectrics as compact capacitive energy storing systems

Abstract

Barium titanate/epoxy resin composite nanodielectrics were manufactured and their capability to store and harvest energy, upon request under DC conditions, was studied in this work. Morphological characterization in all nanocomposites was performed via scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction spectra, indicating the successful nanofiller's integration and dispersion within the polymer matrix. Applied DC voltage level varied from 10 to 240 V and the measurements were performed in the temperature range from 30 to 160°C. Filler content enhances the energy efficiency of the manufactured systems, reaching the highest value of 58.2% for the 7 phr BaTiO 3 nanocomposite. Increase of temperature results in an exponential decay of the coefficient of energy efficiency (n eff), indicating leakage currents' augment. DC and AC conductivity have been determined as a function of temperature for all nanodielectric systems. The temperature dependence of conductivity under DC and AC condition follows an Arrhenius form, which allowed the determination of activation energy in both cases.

Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3–Epoxy Nanocomposites in the Microwave Regime

“…In the era of fifth-generation mobile networks, plenty of works have been devoted to developing integrable microwave components, such as microstrip antenna [ 1 ], circulators [ 2 ], capacitors [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], filters [ 6 ], low-loss waveguides [ 7 ], resonators [ 8 ] and multi-functional surface coatings [ 9 , 10 ]. To improve their electrical performance, miniaturization of device size and suppression of material loss are essential.…”

“…Polymers doped with conductive fillers, such as graphene [ 11 ], silver [ 12 ] or other metals [ 13 ], are able to increase the dielectric constant drastically, but at the expense of low compatibility with printed circuit boards (owing to large leakage current) and high signal attenuation (due to severe Ohmic loss). On the other hand, ferromagnetic dopants, e.g., Fe 3 O 4 [ 14 ], and ferroelectric dopants such as PZT [ 15 ], TiO 2 [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], SrTiO 3 [ 19 ], BaTiO 3 [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] or other oxides [ 17 , 18 ], are also good candidates. BaTiO 3 –polymer composites have attracted great attention among various combinations due to their high- k properties with high mechanical tunability and thermal stability.…”

“…BaTiO 3 –polymer composites have attracted great attention among various combinations due to their high- k properties with high mechanical tunability and thermal stability. These features facilitate applications in energy storage [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], electromechanical transducers [ 20 , 21 ], capacitive sensors [ 22 ] or optical devices with tunable index [ 23 ]. Furthermore, BaTiO 3 –epoxy (BTEP) composites have been intensively studied and regarded as a potential solution to meet the demand for low loss [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Effect of morphology and particle size of bismuth ferrite filler on the surface insulation of epoxy resin composites

“…The further improvement of its comprehensive performance is of great significance to ensure the stable operation of high‐voltage equipment. [ 1–3 ]…”

Gold/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites for electrical energy storage: Enhanced recovery efficiency upon uniaxial deformation

“…28 For this reason, surface treatment and functionalization by chemical means is often employed to avoid aggregation. 29 Different materials have been employed as nanofillers in polymer energy nanocomposites, such as ceramic particles with ferroelectric properties like BaTiO 3,30 2D nanomaterials like boron nitride, 31,32 and various carbon allotropes. 33,34 Conductive materials below the percolation threshold, have been used as nanofillers in the past to improve the dielectric response, reduce the dielectric loss, and increase the recoverable energy storage, targeting the optimum compromise between the enhancement of dielectric constant 35 and the reduction of the dielectric breakdown strength.…”