Bark Beetle Attractants: Trans-verbenol isolated from Dendroctonus

Pitman, G. B.; Vité, J. P.; Kinzer, G.W.; Fentiman, Allison F.

doi:10.1038/218168a0

Cited by 116 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, whitebark pines had higher concentrations of (−)-α-pinene, which stimulates the production of, and serves as a precursor for, enzymatic conversion to the aggregation pheromone trans-verbenol by pioneer beetles as they enter trees (25). This monoterpene also synergizes the attraction of flying beetles to the pheromones being produced by the tunneling beetles (36). Whitebark pine also has higher concentrations of myrcene, which strongly synergizes attraction of mountain pine beetle to its aggregation pheromones exo-brevicomin .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Raffa¹,

Powell²,

Townsend

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

202

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Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure to these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show that a dominant, relatively naïve, high-elevation species, whitebark pine, has inferior defenses against mountain pine beetle compared with its historical lower-elevation host, lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pines respond by exuding more resin and accumulating higher concentrations of toxic monoterpenes than whitebark pine, where they co-occur. Furthermore, the chemical composition of whitebark pine appears less able to inhibit the pheromonal communication beetles use to jointly overcome tree defenses. Despite whitebark pine's inferior defenses, beetles were more likely to attack their historical host in mixed stands. This finding suggests there has been insufficient sustained contact for beetles to alter their complex behavioral mechanisms driving host preference. In no-choice assays, however, beetles readily entered and tunneled in both hosts equally, and in stands containing less lodgepole pine, attacks on whitebark pines increased. High-elevation trees in pure stands may thus be particularly vulnerable to temperature-driven range expansions. Predators and competitors were more attracted to volatiles from herbivores attacking their historical host, further increasing risk in less coevolved systems. Our results suggest cold temperatures provided a sufficient barrier against herbivores for high-elevation trees to allocate resources to other physiological processes besides defense. Changing climate may reduce the viability of that evolutionary strategy, and the life histories of high-elevation trees seem unlikely to foster rapid counter adaptation. Consequences extend from reduced food supplies for endangered grizzly bears to altered landscape and hydrological processes.climate change | coevolution | disturbance | plant-insect interactions | forest insects

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Raffa¹,

Powell²,

Townsend

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

202

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“…Once a suitable host is found by a female pioneer beetle, α-pinene-one of the most abundant host monoterpenes in most pine species examined to date-is hydroxylated into the major aggregation pheromone trans-verbenol that attracts both sexes of MPB to initiate a mass attack (Pitman et al, 1968;Blomquist et al, 2010). As the colonization progresses, arriving males produce exo-brevicomin that attracts additional females until the optimum attack density is achieved, at which point both male and female beetles emit anti-aggregation pheromones that prevent further recruitment to the host tree (Rudinsky et al, 1974;Ryker and Libbey, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Stress and Fungal Inoculation on Monoterpene Emission from an Historical and a New Pine Host of the Mountain Pine Beetle

et al. 2011

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The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) has killed millions of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees in Western Canada, and recent range expansion has resulted in attack of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in Alberta. Establishment of MPB in the Boreal forest will require use of jack pine under a suite of environmental conditions different from those it typically encounters in its native range. Lodgepole and jack pine seedlings were grown under controlled environment conditions and subjected to either water deficit or well watered conditions and inoculated with Grosmannia clavigera, a MPB fungal associate. Soil water content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored over the duration of the six-week study. Monoterpene content of bark and needle tissue was measured at the end of the experiment. β-Phellandrene, the major monoterpene in lodgepole pine, was almost completely lacking in the volatile emission profile of jack pine. The major compound in jack pine was α-pinene. The emission of both compounds was positively correlated with stomatal conductance. 3-Carene was emitted at a high concentration from jack pine seedlings, which is in contrast to monoterpene profiles of jack pine from more southern and eastern parts of its range. Fungal inoculation caused a significant increase in total monoterpene emission in water deficit lodgepole pine seedlings right after its application. By 4 weeks into the experiment, water deficit seedlings of both species released significantly lower levels of total monoterpenes than well watered seedlings. Needle tissue contained lower total monoterpene content than bark. Generally, monoterpene tissue content increased over time independent from any treatment. The results suggest that monoterpenes that play a role in pine-MPB interactions differ between lodgepole and jack pine, and also that they are affected by water availability.

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“…This pheromone in conjunction with terpenes from the tree guides other beetles to the tree and serves as a signal for invasion of the host (Vite and Pitman, 1968). Beetles attack the tree en masse and kill it if their numbers are sufficient.…”

Section: The Mountain Pine Beetlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The female initiates the attack, usually on the basal 2 m of the tree trunk, and produces an aggregating pheromone, Trans-verbenol (Pitman et al, 1968). This pheromone in conjunction with terpenes from the tree guides other beetles to the tree and serves as a signal for invasion of the host (Vite and Pitman, 1968).…”

Section: The Mountain Pine Beetlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems: Impact on Succession

Amman¹

1977

Proceedings in Life Sciences

107

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Bark Beetle Attractants: Trans-verbenol isolated from Dendroctonus

Cited by 116 publications

References 3 publications

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Effect of Water Stress and Fungal Inoculation on Monoterpene Emission from an Historical and a New Pine Host of the Mountain Pine Beetle

The Role of the Mountain Pine Beetle in Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems: Impact on Succession

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