Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions

Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Müller, Jörg; Grégoire, Jean‐Claude; Gruppe, Axel; Hagge, Jonas; Hammerbacher, Almuth; Hofstetter, Richard; Kandasamy, D; Kolařík, Miroslav; Kostovčík, Martin; Krokene, Paal; Sallé, Aurélien; Six, Diana L.; Turrini, Tabea; Vanderpool, Dan; Wingfield, Michael M.J.; Bässler, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.002

Cited by 204 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Conifer-feeding bark beetles (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) pose serious threats to forestry, and bark beetle outbreaks are increasing due to climate change [1][2][3] . Abiotic factors are important drivers for outbreaks 3 , with a warmer and drier climate reducing the defenses of the trees, at the same time as the beetles' populations increase due to decreased generation time, lower winter mortality, and higher availability of breeding material resulting from severe weather events 2 . In light of the intensifying outbreaks, more efficient control and detection of bark beetles are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors

Yuvaraj

Roberts

Sonntag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bark beetle behavior is to a large extent mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control during outbreaks. Such an approach requires information on the function of receptors and their interactions with ligands. Hence, we annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are selective for single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. The importance of residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46 in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. The biological significance of the characterized ORs positions them as prime targets for pest control and use in biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors

Yuvaraj

Roberts

Sonntag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Less well understood are the symbioses that occur among fungi and secondary bark beetles (relatively non-aggressive species that colonise stressed, dying, or recently killed trees; "secondaries", hereafter) that make up the majority of bark beetle species in the Scolytinae (Kirisits, 2004, Biedermann et al, 2019. An example of a common secondary is Ips pini Say (pine engraver), a beetle that colonises newly killed or severely weakened pines, as well as logging residues (Klepzig et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutualism is not restricted to tree‐killing bark beetles and fungi: the ecological stoichiometry of secondary bark beetles, fungi, and a scavenger

Six

Elser

2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. All bark beetles are in symbiosis with fungi. Although obligate mutualisms with fungi are common with tree‐killing bark beetles (primaries), fungi associated with non‐tree‐killing bark beetles (secondaries) are usually dismissed as commensals. 2. Using an ecological stoichiometric approach, we show secondaries are also involved in nutrition‐based mutualisms, some of which appear obligate, and that differences in symbiont provisioning efficiency have a potent effect on beetle carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios. 3. Some secondary beetles have high P contents and require efficient P provisioning via fungi, while others have low P contents that may allow them to exploit less efficient fungi or a broader range of species with variable efficiencies. A co‐occurring scavenger that feeds on nutrient‐poor bark beetle frass (excrement/boring residues) exhibited the lowest phosphorus content yet recorded for an invertebrate. 4. Our results generally support the growth‐rate hypothesis that posits differences in C:P and N:P ratios in consumers are due to differential allocation of P to P‐rich RNA to support growth. However, while the beetle species that accumulated the most biomass was considerably enriched in P and that with the least biomass was P‐poor, one beetle species that was P‐rich was also small possibly due to limitation by an element other than P. 5. Our results indicate that fungi are important to a broader range of bark beetles than previously recognised. Additional research is needed to describe how these various symbioses influence forest ecosystems via differential effects of fungi on host beetle fitness.

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“…Rather the beetle would bring about the regeneration of many species and the rejuvenation of the forest. A study on the population dynamics of the bark beetle points out that "these outbreaks have strong negative consequences on ecosystem services like provisioning of clean water and timber, and the regulation of climate and carbon storage, but paradoxically facilitate local biodiversity" (Biedermann et al 2019).…”

Section: Sustainable and Unsustainable Development In Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development from an evolutionary perspective

Schrauwen

2020

CEREM

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Aim: awareness of the inherent unsustainability of past economic development, the magnitude and multidimensionality of the resulting environmental problems and the urgency of a paradigm shift in politics and economics. Design / Research methods: reflection on Matthias Glaubrecht´s book “Das Ende der Evolution” (The End of Evolution). Additionally Yuval Harari´s book “Sapiens” and some online sources were used. Conclusions / findings: An evolutionary developed cognitive superiority has made Homo sapiens not only to the most successful but also the most destructive species ever, which makes a drastic shift towards sustainable development is overdue in the 21st century. Originality / value of the article: highlighting the slow and merciless mechanisms of evolution and its big cycles, raising more awareness of the vulnerability of mankind and the necessity for a paradigm shift. Implications of the research (if applicable): urgency of sustainable development in politics, economics and research. Keywords: sustainable development, evolution, environmental economics, politics JEL: B52, Q01, Q59

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Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions

Cited by 204 publications

References 56 publications

Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors

Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors

Mutualism is not restricted to tree‐killing bark beetles and fungi: the ecological stoichiometry of secondary bark beetles, fungi, and a scavenger

Sustainable development from an evolutionary perspective

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