Bark Extracts of Ceylon Cinnamon Possess Antilipidemic Activities and Bind Bile Acids In Vitro

Abstract

Ethanol (95%) and dichloromethane : methanol (1 : 1) bark extracts of authenticated Ceylon cinnamon were investigated for range of antilipidemic activities (ALA): HMG-CoA reductase, lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization inhibitory activities and bile acids binding in vitro. Individual compounds in bark extracts were also evaluated. Bark extracts showed ALA in all the assays studied. The IC50 (μg/mL) values ranged within 153.07 ± 8.38–277.13 ± 32.18, 297.57 ± 11.78–301.09 ± 4.05, 30.61 ± 0.79–34.05 ± 0.41, and 231.96 ± 9.22–478.89 ± 9.27, respectively, for HMG-CoA reductase, lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization inhibitory activities. The bile acids binding (3 mg/mL) for taurocholate, glycodeoxycholate, and chenodeoxycholate ranged within 19.74 ± 0.31–20.22 ± 0.31, 21.97 ± 2.21–26.97 ± 1.61, and 16.11 ± 1.42–19.11 ± 1.52%, respectively. The observed ALA were moderate compared to the reference drugs studied. Individual compounds in bark extracts ranged within 2.14 ± 0.28–101.91 ± 3.61 and 0.42 ± 0.03–49.12 ± 1.89 mg/g of extract. Cinnamaldehyde and gallic acid were the highest and the lowest among the tested compounds. The ethanol extract had highest quantity of individual compounds and ALA investigated. Properties observed indicate usefulness of Ceylon cinnamon bark in managing hyperlipidemia and obesity worldwide. Further, this study provides scientific evidence for the traditional claim that Ceylon cinnamon has antilipidemic activities.

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Obese State and the Protective Effects of Gallic Acid

“…Besides tea ( Camellia sinensis ), fruits that have been shown to contain high levels of gallic acid or its derivative compounds include avocado, ellagitannin-enriched polyphenolic extract, Eugenia dysenterica DC., freeze-dried jaboticaba peel, grape powder, herbal mixture, Limonium spp . (Plumbaginaceae), Mangifera indica L., mango, mulberry water, Nelumbo nucifera leaf, Norton grape pomace, number ten supplement, Ocimum basilicum , pineapple, pomegranate peels, Psidium guajava L., Pedro Sato, Paluma and Século XXI, Pu-erh tea, Punica granatum , Ribes nigrum L , Rubus suavissimus , and Terminalia bellirica [11,15,19,98,99,102,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,142,143,145].…”

Antiamylase, Anticholinesterases, Antiglycation, and Glycation Reversing Potential of Bark and Leaf of Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) In Vitro

“…Leaf extracts were also evaluated for antidiabetic related properties as leaf is claimed to have antidiabetic activity in Sri Lankan traditional knowledge [ 39 ] and folklore. Ethanol and DCM : M bark and leaf extracts were used as these extracts have been previously used in the investigation of antioxidants and antioxidant activity [ 40 ] and antilipidemic activity in vitro [ 16 ].…”

“…Antidiabetic drugs, nutraceuticals, and functional foods derived from plant sources have high demand as they are natural and safe alternatives to many synthetic drugs [ 13 , 14 ]. Cinnamon, one of the oldest and most frequently consumed spices worldwide, belongs to the genus Cinnamomum and there are different species of cinnamon worldwide [ 15 , 16 ]. Among several species of cinnamon in the world, Ceylon cinnamon is the “true cinnamon” the world over based on its unique taste, aroma, and phytochemical composition [ 15 , 16 ].…”

“…Cinnamon, one of the oldest and most frequently consumed spices worldwide, belongs to the genus Cinnamomum and there are different species of cinnamon worldwide [ 15 , 16 ]. Among several species of cinnamon in the world, Ceylon cinnamon is the “true cinnamon” the world over based on its unique taste, aroma, and phytochemical composition [ 15 , 16 ]. Currently, Sri Lanka is the leading exporter of true cinnamon with 85% of world market share and 14.5% market share for all types of cinnamon worldwide.…”

“…Cinnamon is reported to have several pharmacological activities including some antidiabetic related properties worldwide [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 26 , 27 ]. However, main problem in many of these publications that there is no proper authentication for the experimental cinnamon sample [ 15 ].…”