Bark-Stripping Preference of Sika Deer and Its Seasonality on Mt. Ohdaigahara, Central Japan

Ando, Masaki; Shibata, Ei'ichi

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-09429-6_15

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Over the past few decades, deer populations have been significantly growing along with an apparent expansion of their area of distribution in some regions of Europe [ 1 ], North America [ 2 ], and Japan [ 3 ], causing massive damage to farming and forestry [ 4 ]. Deer have also invaded many protected areas such as the Oze marshland [ 5 ], and Kushiro-shitsugen National Park [ 6 ] in Japan, resulting in irreversible effects on the original ecosystem such as destruction of rare plant species [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Tracking the Positions of Wild Ungulates Using Sound Recordings

Salem

Fujisao

Maki

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Monitoring wild ungulates such as deer is a highly challenging issue faced by wildlife managers. Wild ungulates are increasing in number worldwide, causing damage to ecosystems. For effective management, the precise estimation of their population size and habitat is essential. Conventional methods used to estimate the population density of wild ungulates, such as the light census survey, are time-consuming with low accuracy and difficult to implement in harsh environments like muddy wetlands. On the other hand, unmanned aerial vehicles are difficult to use in areas with dense tree cover. Although the passive acoustic monitoring of animal sounds is commonly used to evaluate their diversity, the potential for detecting animal positions from their sound has not been sufficiently investigated. This study introduces a new technique for detecting and tracking deer position in the wild using sound recordings. The technique relies on the time lag among three recorders to estimate the position. A sound recording system was also developed to overcome the time drift problem in the internal clock of recorders, by receiving time information from GPS satellites. Determining deer position enables the elimination of repetitive calls from the same deer, thus providing a promising tool to track deer movement. The validation results revealed that the proposed technique can provide reasonable accuracy for the experimental and natural environment. The identification of deer calls in Oze National Park over a period of two hours emphasizes the great potential of the proposed technique to detect repetitive deer calls, and track deer movement. Hence, the technique is the first step toward designing an automated system for estimating the population of deer or other vocal animals using sound recordings.

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