Barkhausen noise as an intrinsic fingerprint for ferromagnetic components

Abstract

In this work, the suitability of magnetic Barkhausen noise as an intrinsic fingerprint of ferromagnetic components is determined. This technique has potential for this application because it is based inherently on the near surface microstructural features of ferromagnetic materials. All materials typically display some variation in their microstructure simply as a result of the manufacturing process (rolling, heat treating, welding, grinding), thus providing the potential that Barkhausen noise measurements between nominally similar components will be unique. In this work, we demonstrate that Barkhausen noise measurements are both repeatable in time for a single sample made from a ferromagnetic material, and unique across a number of instances of nominally similar samples. The results of this work have profound implications in a variety of applications in forensics and physical security. For example, consider the fabrication of the next generation of tamper-evident containers and devices using conventional processes for steel. In addition, since Barkhausen noise is sensitive to changes in microstructures due to grinding and welding, these measurements can be used to detect clandestine repairs and tampering. Finally, because the method inherently results in a time series measurement at each point on a sample, it is expected to have far higher dimensionality than physically similar eddy current measurement. However, the higher dimensionality of Barkhausen measurements suggest that they should be harder to counterfeit than eddy current measurements.

A Review of the Serrated-Flow Phenomenon and Its Role in the Deformation Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys

“…The figure displays the two main types of serrations: large primary serrations and small, interspersed secondary serrations. Serrations have also been observed in different phenomena, such as the Barkhausen noise in magnetic materials [8,[71][72][73][74] (see Figure 5), crackling noise during earthquakes [75][76][77][78], discrete strain bursts in nanocrystals [76], various economic indices [79][80][81][82][83], and neuronal avalanches that occur during the operation of the brain's network (see Figure 6) [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. Endurance limits of the Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi HEA as a function of the ultimate tensile strength, compared with other structural materials and bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) (reproduced from Reference [68] with permission).…”