Barley: Genetics and Nutrient Composition

Newman, Rosemary K.; Newman, C. W.

doi:10.1002/9780470369333.ch4

Cited by 9 publications

References 110 publications

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The effects of variable nitrogen application on barley starch structure under drought stress

Gous

Warren

et al. 2015

J. Inst. Brew.

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Under well-watered conditions, agronomic yield increases have been observed to correlate with nitrogen supply. Thus there is a need for proper fertilizer regimes to increase both metabolic and regulatory processes during kernel development in cereal crops. However, the impact of varying levels of nitrogen application on starch biosynthesis, structure and properties in grain under drought stress is not well known. This study examines the impact of different nitrogen application rates, in conjunction with drought stress, on starch biosynthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain. The proportions of short amylopectin branches and long amylose branches in the grain of Fitzroy and Grout were higher under drought stress with high nitrogen. This suggests that starch biosynthesis was affected, probably owing to early termination of grain fill. These changes in the long branches can affect starch properties, such as the rates of enzymatic degradation, and hence fermentability and nutritional value. In contrast, the chain length distribution (CLD) of the debranched starch from the grain grown under favourable conditions (Hermitage) did not show the same level of qualitative variations among the nitrogen treatments. The similar CLDs between these grain samples suggest that starch biosynthesis was not negatively impacted by the different nitrogen applications. However, with the grain under drought stress conditions, the results indicate that starch biosynthesis and quality could be impacted by nitrogen application. This has the potential to give rise to beneficial structural changes that are useful for some value-added products.

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The effects of variable nitrogen application on barley starch structure under drought stress

Gous

Warren

et al. 2015

J. Inst. Brew.

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Adverse Effect of Drought on Quality of Major Cereal Crops: Implications and Their Possible Mitigation Strategies

et al. 2020

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The impact of Fusarium culmorum infection on the protein fractions of raw barley and malted grains

Oliveira

Waters

Arendt

2013

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Contaminating fungi, such as Fusarium species, produce metabolites that may interfere with normal barley grain proteolysis pattern and consequently, affect malt and beer quality. Protein compositional changes of an initial mixture of 20 % Fusarium culmorum infected and 80 % noninfected mature barley grains and respective malt are reported here. Proteolytic activity of infected barley grains (IBG) and respective malt, with controls (uninfected grains), were characterized using protease inhibitors from each class of this enzyme, including metallo-, cysteine, serine, and aspartic proteases, as well as uninhibited protease fractions. The proteins were extracted according to the Osborne fractionation and separated by size exclusion chromatography. Additionally, two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (GE) was used to analyze hydrophobic storage proteins isolated from the control and IBG. Analyses revealed that F. culmorum IBG had a twofold increase of proteolytic activity compared to the control sample, which showed an increase in all protease classes with aspartic proteases dominating. Infected and control malt grains were comparable with cysteine proteases representing almost 50 % of all proteolytic enzymes detected. Protein extractability was 31 % higher in IBG compared to the control barley. The albumin fraction showed that several metabolic proteins decreased and increased at different rates during infection and malting, thus showing a complex F. culmorum infection interdependence. Prolamin storage proteins were more hydrophobic during barley fungal infection. F. culmorum interfered with the grain hydrolytic protein profile, thereby altering the grain's protein content and quality.

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Barley: Genetics and Nutrient Composition

Cited by 9 publications

References 110 publications

The effects of variable nitrogen application on barley starch structure under drought stress

The effects of variable nitrogen application on barley starch structure under drought stress

Adverse Effect of Drought on Quality of Major Cereal Crops: Implications and Their Possible Mitigation Strategies

The impact of Fusarium culmorum infection on the protein fractions of raw barley and malted grains

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