Barley Origin and Related Species

Bothmer, Roland von; Komatsuda, Takao

doi:10.1002/9780470958636.ch2

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 382 publications

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“…The geographic range of wild barley in the Near East was clearly identified, and its relation to barley domestication was proven by genetic and chromosomal studies (1-7). However, increasing evidence supported multiple origins of cultivated barley (8)(9)(10). For instance, the fixation of nonbrittle rachis, controlled by two closely linked complementary genes, occurred in at least two centers of barley domestication, East and West (8,11).…”

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Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Dai

Nevo

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

174

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The Near East Fertile Crescent is well recognized as a primary center of barley origin, diversity, and domestication. A large number of wild barleys have been collected from the Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by an extreme environment. We used genome-wide diversity array technology markers to analyze the genotypic division between wild barley from the Near East and Tibet. Our results confirmed the existence of Tibetan wild barley and suggested that the split between the wild barleys in the Near East and those in Tibet occurred around 2.76 million years ago (Mya). To test the concept of polyphyletic domestication of barley, we characterized a set of worldwide cultivated barley. Some Chinese hulless and six-rowed barleys showed a close relationship with Tibetan wild barley but showed no common ancestor with other cultivated barley. Our data support the concept of polyphyletic domestication of cultivated barley and indicate that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. The current results may be highly significant in exploring the elite germplasm for barley breeding, especially against cold and drought stresses.adaptation | evolution | harsh environment

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Dai

Nevo

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

174

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“…C ultivated barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world (von Bothmer and Komatsuda, 2010; Zohary and Hopf, 2001; Zohary et al, 2012) and originates from wild barley ( H. vulgare ssp. Spontaneum ).…”

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Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium in Six‐Rowed Barley Landraces from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Wang

Xia

et al. 2014

Crop Science

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The genetic diversity, population structure, and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) were investigated at a genome‐wide level in 255 six‐rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. Vulgare) landraces from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau using 1264 polymorphic diversity array technology (DArT) markers. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of the DArT markers ranged between 0.008 and 0.500 with an average of 0.213. Bayesian, principal coordinate analysis, and phylogenetic analysis supported that six‐rowed barley landraces from this region are divided into five distinct subpopulations centered on the regions of origin of the germplasm. The genetic distances calculated for all the individual pairs were geographically dependent, as revealed by Mantel tests (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The LD values, expressed as r2, declined with increasing genetic distance, and the same tendency occurred on each chromosome. In general, LD values were low (9.1% of adjacent markers; P < 0.001), and mean LD values across the whole genome decayed to below the critical r2 of 0.22 after 3.32 cM. Approximately 19.0% of marker pairs (mean r2 = 0.586) located on the same chromosome and 4.9% of pairs (mean r2 = 0.318) located on different chromosomes were in LD (r2 ≥ 0.22). Our results discerned relevant patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, and LD among members of a Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau barley landraces panel proposed to be ‘typical’ of a target region or environment and have important implications for further studies on association mapping and practical breeding in high‐altitude naked barley.

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“…The diploid and tetraploid forms are not morphologically distinct and are not described as separate taxa. Also, among two other perennial Hordeum species, H. brachyantherum and H. brevisubulatum, the ploidy levels have been reported to vary within the species showing diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid forms [22]. However, most of the Hordeum species, including the perennials, have a single ploidy level as either diploids, tetraploids or hexaploids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buds below the bulbs give rise to tillers that result in rapid emergence under favorable conditions. Other perennial Hordeum species such as H. brevisubulatum and H. guatemalense have been described to form rhizomes important for vegetative propagation and regrowth [14,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Development of Perennial Barley for Cold Temperate Climates—Evaluation of Wild Barley Relatives as Genetic Resources

et al. 2018

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Perennial cereal crops could limit the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment and climate change. In cold temperate climates, perennial plants must be adapted to seasonal changes and abiotic stresses, such as frost, to be able to regrow for several years. Wild crop relatives that are perennials and already adapted to cold temperate climates may provide genetic resources for breeding new perennial cereal grain crops. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important cereals in northern agricultural areas, and its related perennial species may be good candidates for the development of perennial cereals. We evaluated a diverse set of 17 wild perennial Hordeum species represented by 67 accessions in field conditions with a cold winter climate and long days during summer in Central Sweden (latitude 60 • N). Six species (H. brevisubulatum, H. bulbosum, H. fuegianum, H. jubatum, H. lechleri and H. secalinum) showed regrowth and formation of spikes for four seasons. The most distant perennial relative of barley, H. stenostachys, showed weak regrowth. H. bulbosum, the closest perennial barley relative, had a large number of accessions with wide geographic origins that showed good regrowth. Together with its storage bulbs and its cross-compatibility with barley, this makes H. bulbosum an important genetic resource for the development of perennial Hordeum grains using either the domestication or the wide-hybridization strategy.

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Barley Origin and Related Species

Cited by 20 publications

References 382 publications

Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Tibet is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley

Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium in Six‐Rowed Barley Landraces from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Towards the Development of Perennial Barley for Cold Temperate Climates—Evaluation of Wild Barley Relatives as Genetic Resources

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