Barley: Physiology of Yield

Smith, Donald L.; Dijak, M.; Bulman, Patrick; L., B.; Hamel, Chantal

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58554-8_3

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 302 publications

(350 reference statements)

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“…A similar trend is also evident for oat (Peltonen-Sainio 1991, Salman andBrinkman 1992). Grain number per unit land area is the major yield determining factor in cereals (Ferris et al 1998, Smith et al 1999. Cultivars with higher grain number per plant could result from reduced assimilate competition between elongating stems and florets and grains at both pre-and post-anthesis phases (Austin et al 1977, Brooking and Kirby 1981, Borrell et al 1989, Borrell et al 1991, Gent and Kiyomoto 1998.…”

Section: Grain Setmentioning

confidence: 63%

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.

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Section: Grain Setmentioning

confidence: 63%

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

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“…Oats in treatments with O 240 tended to mature slightly faster than the oats in treatments with O 30 and O 60 treatments. Plant population affects the rate of apical development in cereal crops (Smith et al. , 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

Ross

King

O’Donovan

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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Annual forage yields of intercrops of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.), as affected by timing of initial harvest and sowing rate of oats, were investigated. Berseem clover was intercropped with oats at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 240 plants m )2 of oats in 1999 and 2000 in Alberta, Canada. Cutting date treatments involved initial harvest at 10-d intervals between 35 and 88 d after planting (DAP), and one or two subsequent harvests of regrowth. Total intercrop dry-matter (DM) yield averaged 12AE9-13AE3 t ha )1 with proportions of 0AE21-0AE43 of berseem clover in the forage. Treatments with an initial cut at the silage stage of oats (76 DAP in 1999, 88 DAP in 2000, at about soft-dough stage of oats) had greater yields of oats, lower yields of berseem clover, and lower proportions of berseem clover in total annual yields than treatments with an earlier initial cut. Total crude protein (CP) yield was greater with an initial cut at 65-66 DAP than with a silage-stage initial cut. With an initial cut at 35 DAP (before stem elongation of oats) or after 65 DAP (after heading of oats), yield potential of oats was sometimes reduced compared with silage-stage treatments, but this was balanced by a greater yield of berseem clover. The impact of harvest timing on total yield decreased as the proportion of berseem clover in the intercrops increased. With decreasing density of oats, DM yield of first-cut intercrops and total DM yield of oats decreased, while regrowth and total DM yields of berseem clover increased. Intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 had equal or greater total DM and CP yields than intercrops with 240 plants m )2 of oats. For intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 , with initial cuts at 65-66, 75-76, or 88 DAP, yields of regrowths were 0AE30-0AE35, 0AE16-0AE26 and 0AE09 of the total yield respectively. Oats-berseem clover intercrops showed potential to manipulate the pattern of annual forage yield and to provide flexibility of harvest without reducing annual yields.

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“…Therefore, higher dry matter contents are expected in blooming period. It was also stated in previous studies that 68-72% of carbohydrates accumulated in vegetative parts was transferred to form the kernels (Smith et al, 1999). Thus, high dry matter yields of full irrigation and low dry matter yields of deficit irrigations may be related to above mentioned processes (Yoshida, 1983).…”

Section: Dry Matter (Dm)mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In this case, with the aid of solar energy adsorbed by chlorophyll pigments, photolysis of water molecules takes place. Then with the photolysis of water, electrons and protons effective in organic matter formation through Calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place (Smith and Hamel, 1999). Ultimately, increase in dry matter yields in full irrigation (I 100 ) may be resulted from increased dry matter contents of the plants.…”

Section: Dry Matter (Dm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiencies of Silage Maize as Effected by Deficit Irrigation Treatments

Uçak¹,

Ayaşan²,

Turan³

2016

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different water deficit levels applied through growing season on silage yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of main crop silage maize under semi-arid climate conditions during the years 2014 and 2015. Irrigation treatments were set as 100% (I100), 70% (I70) and 35% (I35) supply of depleted water within 0-90 cm effective root zone in 7-day intervals. Applied irrigation water quantities in I100(control) treatment of the first and second year (in 8 irrigations) were respectively observed as 693 and 666 mm. Plant water consumptions in control treatment were respectively measured as 770 and 738 mm. Silage yield was 10650 kg da −1 in the first year and 10600 kg da −1 in the second year. The silage yield obtained from I70 treatment with 30% water deficit was statistically placed in group (B) following I100 (control) treatment. The water deficits over 30% resulted in significant decreases in silage yield and quality. The correlation coefficient between ETa and dry matter was respectively identified as (r: 0.78), (r: 0.87) in 2014 and 2015 and the correlation coefficient between plant water consumption (ETa) and protein content was respectively identified as (r:0.81), (r:0.80) and the correlations between ETa and quality parameters were found to be positive and highly significant. There were significant linear correlations between ETa and kernel yield (Y). Yield response factor (ky) of experimental years were respectively calculated as 0. 74

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Barley: Physiology of Yield

Cited by 16 publications

References 302 publications

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiencies of Silage Maize as Effected by Deficit Irrigation Treatments

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