Barley root hair growth and morphology in soil, sand, and water solution media and relationship with nickel toxicity

Yanqing, Lin; Allen, Herbert E.; Toro, Dominic M. Di

doi:10.1002/etc.3389

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Rice shows different responses to aerobic and flooding conditions, and P uptake in particular was reported to be greater in aerobic conditions than in flooded conditions (Wissuwa and Ae, 2001b). Sand culture rather than water culture was also recommended to estimate nickel toxicity in barley roots (Lin et al, 2016). We did not use any aeration, and this may be one of the reasons H did not work in ambient conditions even though the medium was replaced every 4 d. The HS method can be performed in ambient conditions, and in our experiments it saved 70% of the nutrient medium compared with hydroponics in the H experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Hydroponics, Sand, and Soil Medium To Evaluate Contrasting Rice Nagina 22 Mutants for Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

et al. 2017

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Soils deficient in P are widespread in major rice (Oryza sativa L.) ecosystems. In view of declining reserves of rock phosphate and the rising costs of P fertilizers, breeding rice varieties tolerant to low P has become important for future food security. Four different methods (hydroponics without sand [H], hydroponics with sand [HS], large pots with soil [PS], and glasses with soil [GS]) were evaluated using rice aus variety Nagina 22 (N22) and its known gain‐of‐function (gof) and loss‐of‐function (lof) mutants to screen for low P tolerance in the field. In −P (no addition of NaH2PO4) shoots, dry weight was significantly higher in gof mutant NH787 than in N22 in HS, PS, and GS but not in H, with fold increases of 1.8 in HS, 5.2 in GS, and 9.4 in PS. In HS, in −P, out of six traits only shoot dry weight was significantly higher in gof and lower in lof mutants. However, in GS both root and shoot dry weight could confirm gof and lof mutants. It took 40 d in GS and 70 d in PS to differentiate between growth in –P/low P and +P (0.32 mM NaH2PO4) and between gof and lof mutants. Thus, shoot dry weight at 30 d in HS and root and shoot dry weight at 40 d in GS are best to differentiate between genotypes grown in –P/low P and +P soil and also between gof and lof mutants for low P tolerance. The HS method can be performed in ambient conditions and needs 70% less medium compared with H. If germplasm is to be screened for low P tolerance on a large scale and if there is no access to low‐P soil, then screening using HS is the best approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Hydroponics, Sand, and Soil Medium To Evaluate Contrasting Rice Nagina 22 Mutants for Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

et al. 2017

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“…The largest difference between the 2 culture media was that the EC50 from the hydroponic bioassay was roughly 10 times lower than that from the sand culture, suggesting greater sensitivity of wheat root elongation to Ni 2þ toxicity in hydroponic culture. Our results showed that toxicity models developed from sand culture better predicted toxicity than those from hydroponic culture, presumably attributable to structural differences between the 2 media [11]. However, it should also be noted that the water in hydroponic experiments was changed every 48 h, whereas in sand and soil culture it was not renewed.…”

Section: Differential Effects Of the Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 69%

“…By increasing the root surface area, root hairs enhance metal uptake and therefore metal toxicity [48]. Accordingly, sand culture offers a medium that is structurally similar to that of soils, and the EC50 obtained in sand culture was close to that obtained from the soil tests [11]. This would explain the better performance of the models based on the sand than on the water cultures.…”

Section: Differential Effects Of the Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The S-FIAM and S-BLM performed better than their counterparts from the hydroponic cultures, suggesting that sand culture better resembles real soil in determinations of root elongation toxicity [11,28]. The BLM prediction was better than that of the FIAM, probably because the BLM also considered the attenuation of Ni toxicity by Mg 2þ .…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Terrestrial toxicity model for nickel: Comparison of culture method and modeling approaches

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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In metal toxicity model studies of soil-plant systems, hydroponic culture is often employed to simulate soil conditions, but the validity of this approach has not been examined. The present study evaluated Ni toxicity to wheat root elongation using models developed in hydroponic and sand cultures and then compared the results with those obtained from real soils. Three mechanism toxicity models were examined: the free ion activity model, the biotic ligand model (BLM), and the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. After being developed in hydroponic and sand culture bioassays, the models were validated with 18 soils from across China. The results showed that more accurate predictions were obtained with sand rather than hydroponic bioassays. Dissolved organic matter exerted only a limited effect on Ni toxicity, whereas an important role was found for osmotic effects. Of the 3 models, the sand-based BLM best predicted Ni toxicity to wheat root elongation (root-mean-square error = 16.2% and R = 0.79) and was as good as the BLM estimated directly from soils. The present study shows that sand is a better matrix than solution for root elongation bioassays of Ni toxicity and that osmotic effects must be taken into account in evaluating soil conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1349-1358. © 2018 SETAC.

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“…Soil is not a solution, it is a complex matrix of particles, liquid, and air pockets (Robbins and Dinneny, 2015). Roots develop and respond differently in soil than in liquid media due to the difference in solute diffusion, mechanical impedance, and the gas exchange properties of liquid versus soil (Gahoonia and Nielsen, 1997; Genc et al, 2007; Chapman et al, 2011; Rich and Watt, 2013; Robbins and Dinneny, 2015; Lin et al, 2016). The use of PEG to simulate water deficits in soil has generally been avoided as PEG concentration and accessibility changes as the soil dries, but the use of PEG in a solid-matrix such as soil is viable when used in a non-transpiring system where the soil saturation levels remain constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Soil-Plate Based Pipeline for Assessing Cereal Root Growth in Response to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Water Deficit Stress

Nelson

Oliver

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Drought is a serious problem that causes losses in crop-yield every year, but the mechanisms underlying how roots respond to water deficit are difficult to study under controlled conditions. Methods for assaying root elongation and architecture, especially for seedlings, are commonly achieved on artificial media, such as agar, moistened filter paper, or in hydroponic systems. However, it has been demonstrated that measuring root characteristics under such conditions does not accurately mimic what is observed when plants are grown in soil. Morphological changes in root behavior occur because of differences in solute diffusion, mechanical impedance, exposure to light (in some designs), and gas exchange of roots grown under these conditions. To address such deficiencies, we developed a quantitative method for assaying seedling root lengths and germination in soil using a plate-based approach with wheat as a model crop. We also further developed the method to include defined water deficits stress levels using the osmotic properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Seeds were sown into soil-filled vertical plates and grown in the dark. Root length measurements were collected using digital photography through the transparent lid under green lighting to avoid effects of white light exposure on growth. Photographs were analyzed using the cross-platform ImageJ plugin, SmartRoot, which can detect root edges and partially automate root detection for extraction of lengths. This allowed for quick measurements and straightforward and accurate assessments of non-linear roots. Other measurements, such as root width or angle, can also be collected by this method. An R function was developed to collect exported root length data, process and reformat the data, and output plots depicting root/shoot growth dynamics. For water deficit experiments, seedlings were transplanted side-by-side into well-watered plates and plates containing PEG solutions to simulate precise water deficits.

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Barley root hair growth and morphology in soil, sand, and water solution media and relationship with nickel toxicity

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Comparing Hydroponics, Sand, and Soil Medium To Evaluate Contrasting Rice Nagina 22 Mutants for Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

Comparing Hydroponics, Sand, and Soil Medium To Evaluate Contrasting Rice Nagina 22 Mutants for Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

Terrestrial toxicity model for nickel: Comparison of culture method and modeling approaches

A Soil-Plate Based Pipeline for Assessing Cereal Root Growth in Response to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Water Deficit Stress

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