Barreiras de acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida: revisão integrativa

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the scientific production related to facing accessibility barriers for people with disabilities and / or reduced mobility and the impacts on health, social inclusion and citizenship of these people. This is an integrative review carried out in the Lilacs, SCiELO, Ibecs, Bdenf and MedLine databases, including national and international publications between 2008 and 2017. 21 studies were included in the categories: Accessibility Barriers that compromise the Exercise of Citizenship, Barriers to Accessibility that Difficult Access to Health Services and Accessibility Barriers that Threaten Social Inclusion. We observed that the architectural barriers were mentioned by the study participants as the main factor for impeding their activities, with a strong impact on social inclusion. We realize that it is not a disability that makes them incapable, but the imposed barriers that limit their capabilities.

Architectural accessibility and perception of falls of elderly people in the peridomicile: mixed method

“…The National Urban Mobility Policy (NUMP) in Brazil advocates universal accessibility, safety in circulation and equity in the use of public circulation space, pathways and public areas (29) . When comparing the guidelines with the present investigation, it is possible to infer that the architectural environment around the investigated individuals' peridomicile is unfavorable regarding: accessibility, leveling of sidewalks and streets; obstruction, cleanliness of public ways and appropriate timing of traffic lights (3,27) . This fact hinders the free flow of people and their displacement in a timely manner when there is mobility deficit (27,30) .…”

“…When comparing the guidelines with the present investigation, it is possible to infer that the architectural environment around the investigated individuals' peridomicile is unfavorable regarding: accessibility, leveling of sidewalks and streets; obstruction, cleanliness of public ways and appropriate timing of traffic lights (3,27) . This fact hinders the free flow of people and their displacement in a timely manner when there is mobility deficit (27,30) . Regarding sloping and mountainous terrain, there is a need for control between public policies, urban development and accessibility conditions, with recommendation to consider the presence of elderly people in urban space planning (3) .…”

“…In a study conducted with 16,393 elderly Chinese residents of both urban (51.4%) and rural (48.6%) areas, it was verified that falls in the peridomicile occurred on sidewalks and pathways and in backyards respectively (27) . There are recommendations for cities to be designed and adapted to ensure quality of life (28) , aligning public policies, urban development and safe space for people, with: level sidewalks, ramps beyond ford sidewalks, made from holes in the streets and sidewalks, signaling for steps, removal of debris/garbage and orderly occupation of public ways (29) .…”

Acessibilidade em instituição de ensino superior no Tocantins: relato de caso

“…Existem inúmeras barreiras de acessibilidade que permeiam a pessoa com deficiência. Vale ressaltar que mesmo o ambiente educacional tendo um público frequentador de pessoas com deficiência, ainda existem melhorias a serem adotadas (Cruz, 2020). No que se refere ao preparo dos colaboradores envolvidos, seria de suma importância que a IES, por meio das reuniões pedagógicas, instruísse estes colaboradores de algumas práticas de inclusão para as principais deficiências encontradas na própria IES.…”

Micropolítica del trabajo en salud: teoría, métodos y aplicaciones

“…Es un contexto complejo, que no es nuevo ni desconocido, sigue vigente y que implica dificultades para acceder a los servicios, no solo con relación a las vacantes, sino también al desplazamiento. Las barreras geográficas se encuentran entre las principales barreras reportadas por las PcD para acceder a los servicios de salud (Eide et al, 2015, Cruz et al, 2020, Castro et al, 2021, Girondi, & Santos, 2011, y los costos de transporte se consideran intransponible o problemas muy graves (Paula et al, 2016, Eide et al, 2015. Las barreras geográficas, además de las financieras, actúan de forma sinérgica e impactan tanto en el acceso a los servicios como en la adherencia y mantenimiento de los tratamientos a medio y largo plazo (OPAS, 2020, Eide et al, 2015.…”